21982669ad6cfa7dd61195618e326741 pmc_34201515.pdf 8b9b1564c56ad025c4586d7422b535dc2bdfe422 pmc_34201515.pdf ae6831102d9f0c68c9a4d8a1ad18dfaa39638764d70c62858d1c0db6d14b3b35 pmc_34201515.pdf Title: Fully Inkjet-Printed Biosensors Fabricated with a Highly Stable Ink Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Enzyme-Functionalized Nanoparticles Subject: Enzyme inks can be inkjet printed to fabricate enzymatic biosensors. However, inks containing enzymes present a low shelf life because enzymes in suspension rapidly lose their catalytic activity. Other major problems of printing these inks are the non-specific adsorption of enzymes onto the chamber walls and stability loss during printing as a result of thermal and/or mechanical stress. It is well known that the catalytic activity can be preserved for significantly longer periods of time and to harsher operational conditions when enzymes are immobilized onto adequate surfaces. Therefore, in this work, horseradish peroxidase was covalently immobilized onto silica nanoparticles. Then, the nanoparticles were mixed into an aqueous ink containing single walled carbon nanotubes. Electrodes printed with this specially formulated ink were characterized, and enzyme electrodes were printed. To test the performance of the enzyme electrodes, a complete amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor was fabricated by inkjet printing. The electrochemical response of the printed electrodes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in solutions containing redox species, such as hexacyanoferrate (III/II) ions or hydroquinone. The response of the enzyme electrodes was studied for the amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide. Three months after the ink preparation, the printed enzyme electrodes were found to still exhibit similar sensitivity, demonstrating that catalytic activity is preserved in the proposed ink. Thus, enzyme electrodes can be successfully printed employing highly stable formulation using nanoparticles as carriers. Keywords: biosensors; electrochemical detection; inkjet printing; carbon nanotubes; carbon-ink electrodes; silica nanoparticles Author: Mijal Mass, Lionel S. Veiga, Octavio Garate, Gloria Longinotti, Ana Moya, Eloi Ramón, Rosa Villa, Gabriel Ybarra and Gemma Gabriel Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Jun 23 09:53:07 2021 CEST ModDate: Wed Jun 23 10:08:50 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3103010 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- SOZKOC+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 MWHIBA+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 KWVYZD+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 UXAPRA+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 RMJMHF+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 NPLVPL+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 WTAUCZ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 81 0 CAMXTK+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 XIRVNA+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 92 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 111 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 115 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 119 0 SPXLNH+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 131 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 139 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 143 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 151 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 167 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 171 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 175 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 179 0 ZPGVCH+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 190 0 JHYTSG+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 194 0 WUWQEY+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 198 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 210 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 214 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 218 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 231 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 235 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 239 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 243 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 260 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 264 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 268 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 272 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 288 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 292 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 296 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:12:28 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34201515.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:14:19 CEST Size: 3103010 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 456 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Synthesis of SiO2 Nanoparticles Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Preparation of SNP-HRP Destination: subsection.2.2 Children: Item: Title: Functionalization of SNPs Destination: subsubsection.2.2.1 Item: Title: HRP Immobilization onto SiO2 Particles Destination: subsubsection.2.2.2 Item: Title: SWCNT Aqueous Ink Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: SWCNT-SNP-HPR Bio-Inks Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: IJP Electrodes Process Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Fabrication of Inkjet Printed Electrode Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Microscopic and Electrical Characterization of Electrodes Destination: subsection.2.7 Item: Title: Electrochemical Measurements Destination: subsection.2.8 Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.4 Info: Title: Fully Inkjet-Printed Biosensors Fabricated with a Highly Stable Ink Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Enzyme-Functionalized Nanoparticles Author: Mijal Mass, Lionel S. Veiga, Octavio Garate, Gloria Longinotti, Ana Moya, Eloi Ramón, Rosa Villa, Gabriel Ybarra and Gemma Gabriel Subject: Enzyme inks can be inkjet printed to fabricate enzymatic biosensors. However, inks containing enzymes present a low shelf life because enzymes in suspension rapidly lose their catalytic activity. Other major problems of printing these inks are the non-specific adsorption of enzymes onto the chamber walls and stability loss during printing as a result of thermal and/or mechanical stress. It is well known that the catalytic activity can be preserved for significantly longer periods of time and to harsher operational conditions when enzymes are immobilized onto adequate surfaces. Therefore, in this work, horseradish peroxidase was covalently immobilized onto silica nanoparticles. Then, the nanoparticles were mixed into an aqueous ink containing single walled carbon nanotubes. Electrodes printed with this specially formulated ink were characterized, and enzyme electrodes were printed. To test the performance of the enzyme electrodes, a complete amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor was fabricated by inkjet printing. The electrochemical response of the printed electrodes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in solutions containing redox species, such as hexacyanoferrate (III/II) ions or hydroquinone. The response of the enzyme electrodes was studied for the amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide. Three months after the ink preparation, the printed enzyme electrodes were found to still exhibit similar sensitivity, demonstrating that catalytic activity is preserved in the proposed ink. Thus, enzyme electrodes can be successfully printed employing highly stable formulation using nanoparticles as carriers. Keywords: biosensors; electrochemical detection; inkjet printing; carbon nanotubes; carbon-ink electrodes; silica nanoparticles Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Jun 23 09:53:07 CEST 2021 ModDate: Wed Jun 23 10:08:50 CEST 2021 ID: 0x27425f14ce20020623a4542319768f21, 0x27425f14ce20020623a4542319768f21 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: WTAUCZ+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 14 FontDescriptor: FontName: WTAUCZ+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: JHYTSG+CMR10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 61 LastChar: 61 FontDescriptor: FontName: JHYTSG+CMR10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -250, 1009, 750 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: KWVYZD+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 44 LastChar: 151 FontDescriptor: FontName: KWVYZD+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: 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