673a5b12d158fca3cacd5f60be73f206 pmc_34202478.pdf d72d1906533886403b2668c409c57c90aecd6379 pmc_34202478.pdf b6064dc0175964418ace9dbee27cd91967864ccbd2b94b6fcaffb8afd4229ee7 pmc_34202478.pdf Title: Evaluation of Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Levels in Response to a Change in Social and Handling Conditions in African Lions (Panthera leo bleyenberghi) Subject: Monitoring the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis through determination of fecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) levels is a non-invasive method useful for understanding how handling and social conditions may affect the physiological status of zoo animals. The present study used FCM analysis to evaluate whether the HPA axis activity of a lion pride was modified by a change in social and handling conditions after the death of the dominant male. Five African lions (Panthera leo bleyenberghi), two males and three females, were included in the study. Fecal samples were collected before and after the death of the dominant male. To avoid cohabitation conflicts between males before the dominant male died, subgroups were established and subjected to weekly changes between indoor and outdoor facilities. After the death of the dominant male, these management dynamics ceased, and the remaining four lions were kept together outdoors. Significant lower group FCM concentrations (p < 0.001) were detected after the decease of the dominant male, probably associated with a decrease in daily handling, together with a more stable social environment. Overall, the present study indicates the effect of different management scenarios on the HPA axis activity and differentiated physiological responses to the same situation between individuals. Keywords: welfare; felids; cortisol; non-invasive; management Author: Paula Serres-Corral, Hugo Fernández-Bellon, Pilar Padilla-Solé, Annaïs Carbajal and Manel López-Béjar Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Jun 24 08:45:13 2021 CEST ModDate: Thu Jun 24 09:15:39 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 11 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 932442 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- HHZZLC+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 IYBNFA+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 JGYGSJ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 UYXMMG+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 UVAEST+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 ZZTQUO+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 70 0 RNZXVQ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 PNEODI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 98 0 PNEOEI+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 101 0 PNEOEJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 PNEOEL+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 110 0 LWLIVD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 117 0 PNFAAE+Symbol Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 135 0 PNEODI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 140 0 PNEOEI+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 143 0 PNEOEJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 149 0 PNEOEL+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 152 0 PNFABE+CambriaMath CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 155 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 166 0 PDXFNG+PazoMath-Bold Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 170 0 PNEODI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 194 0 PNEOEJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 197 0 PNEOEL+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 200 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:12:22 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34202478.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:14:19 CEST Size: 932442 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 385 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Experimental Design Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Housing, Handling, and Environmental Conditions Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Individual Identification and Sample Collection Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Steroid Extraction Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Steroid Analysis and Biochemical Validation Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Biochemical Validation of the EIA Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Mean FCM Concentrations Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Longitudinal Assessment of Individual Hormonal Profiles Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Evaluation of Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Levels in Response to a Change in Social and Handling Conditions in African Lions (Panthera leo bleyenberghi) Author: Paula Serres-Corral, Hugo Fernández-Bellon, Pilar Padilla-Solé, Annaïs Carbajal and Manel López-Béjar Subject: Monitoring the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis through determination of fecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) levels is a non-invasive method useful for understanding how handling and social conditions may affect the physiological status of zoo animals. The present study used FCM analysis to evaluate whether the HPA axis activity of a lion pride was modified by a change in social and handling conditions after the death of the dominant male. Five African lions (Panthera leo bleyenberghi), two males and three females, were included in the study. Fecal samples were collected before and after the death of the dominant male. To avoid cohabitation conflicts between males before the dominant male died, subgroups were established and subjected to weekly changes between indoor and outdoor facilities. After the death of the dominant male, these management dynamics ceased, and the remaining four lions were kept together outdoors. Significant lower group FCM concentrations (p < 0.001) were detected after the decease of the dominant male, probably associated with a decrease in daily handling, together with a more stable social environment. Overall, the present study indicates the effect of different management scenarios on the HPA axis activity and differentiated physiological responses to the same situation between individuals. 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