da3f80a19ea0b63439aeb775a22d8d93 pmc_34205187.pdf 2b33b754a48caed613656181b994f028fcca46ab pmc_34205187.pdf 9dd5038b65a5ace950a925ba87d649a3c4599ef37d268ec70821bf753b2aabbd pmc_34205187.pdf Title: Sow Contact Is a Major Driver in the Development of the Nasal Microbiota of Piglets Subject: The nasal microbiota composition is associated with the health status of piglets. Sow-contact in early life is one of the factors influencing the microbial composition in piglets; however, its impact has never been assessed in the nasal microbiota of piglets reared in controlled environmental conditions. Nasal microbiota of weaning piglets in high-biosecurity facilities with different time of contact with their sows (no contact after farrowing, contact limited to few hours or normal contact until weaning at three weeks) was unveiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Contact with sows demonstrated to be a major factor affecting the nasal microbial composition of the piglets. The nasal microbiota of piglets that had contact with sows until weaning, but were reared in high biosecurity facilities, was richer and more similar to the previously described healthy nasal microbiota from conventional farm piglets. On the other hand, the nasal communities inhabiting piglets with no or limited contact with sows was different and dominated by bacteria not commonly abundant in this body site. Furthermore, the length of sow–piglet contact was also an important variable. In addition, the piglets raised in BSL3 conditions showed an increased richness of low-abundant species in the nasal microbiota. Artificially rearing in high biosecurity facilities without the contact of sows as a source of nasal colonizers had dramatic impacts on the nasal microbiota of weaning piglets and may introduce significant bias into animal research under these conditions. Keywords: piglets’ nasal microbiota; artificial rearing; raising environment; sows; bacterial diversity Author: Pau Obregon-Gutierrez, Virginia Aragon and Florencia Correa-Fiz Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Jun 8 17:28:28 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Jun 8 17:45:45 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3255498 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- LSDYWP+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 QZQAMR+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 AFLSHF+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 EGEDIU+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 UXHOAG+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 33 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 55 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 59 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 63 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 105 0 VORBJF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 134 0 CAMXTK+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 138 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:12:18 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34205187.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:14:20 CEST Size: 3255498 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 461 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Sample Collection and Sequencing Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Alpha Diversity of the Nasal Microbiota of Piglets with Different Degree of Sow Contact Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Nasal Microbiota Composition of Piglets Differed Depending on the Degree of Contact with Sows Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Comparison of the Nasal Microbiota Core from Animals with Variable Sow Contact Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Sow Piglet Contact Had a Stronger Impact on the Nasal Microbiota of BSL3 Piglets Than the Environment Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Samples Included in the Study Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: DNA Extraction and 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Microbiota In Silico Analysis Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Sow Contact Is a Major Driver in the Development of the Nasal Microbiota of Piglets Author: Pau Obregon-Gutierrez, Virginia Aragon and Florencia Correa-Fiz Subject: The nasal microbiota composition is associated with the health status of piglets. Sow-contact in early life is one of the factors influencing the microbial composition in piglets; however, its impact has never been assessed in the nasal microbiota of piglets reared in controlled environmental conditions. Nasal microbiota of weaning piglets in high-biosecurity facilities with different time of contact with their sows (no contact after farrowing, contact limited to few hours or normal contact until weaning at three weeks) was unveiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Contact with sows demonstrated to be a major factor affecting the nasal microbial composition of the piglets. The nasal microbiota of piglets that had contact with sows until weaning, but were reared in high biosecurity facilities, was richer and more similar to the previously described healthy nasal microbiota from conventional farm piglets. On the other hand, the nasal communities inhabiting piglets with no or limited contact with sows was different and dominated by bacteria not commonly abundant in this body site. Furthermore, the length of sow piglet contact was also an important variable. In addition, the piglets raised in BSL3 conditions showed an increased richness of low-abundant species in the nasal microbiota. Artificially rearing in high biosecurity facilities without the contact of sows as a source of nasal colonizers had dramatic impacts on the nasal microbiota of weaning piglets and may introduce significant bias into animal research under these conditions. 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