0ee64cacc2325e08cd2e7e813c022e69 pmc_34207402.pdf 5a3af19814886a49f046759296eccf9e3e8a9a53 pmc_34207402.pdf 49e8483ec442380a956a8f087ec9e0a665d24b9922f99e525c2d967391f5eb59 pmc_34207402.pdf Title: Analysis of Effectiveness and Psychological Techniques Implemented in mHealth Solutions for Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Literature Subject: Background: in diabetes, multiple mHealth solutions were produced and implemented for self-management behaviors. However, little research on the effectiveness of psychological techniques implemented within these mHealth solutions was carried out, and even less with the elderly population where technological barriers might exist. Reliable evidence generated through a comprehensive evaluation of mHealth interventions may accelerate its growth for successful long-term implementation and to help to experience mHealth benefits in an enhanced way in all ages. Objective: this study aimed to review mHealth solutions for diabetes self-management in older adults (adherence to treatments and glycemic control) by analyzing the effectiveness of specific psychological techniques implemented. Methods: a narrative review was conducted following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed (Medline) and American Psychological Association (APA) PsycInfo databases were searched for published papers that addressed eHealth solutions’ effectiveness for diabetes self-management. Studies in English, Spanish, and/or German of any design were screened, with no time constraints regarding the year of publication. A qualitative analysis of the selected papers was conducted in several steps. Results: this review found 38 studies setting up and analyzing mHealth solutions for older adults. Most research showed improvements in HbA1c, self-management behaviors, and medication adherence in T2DM patients post intervention. However, different mid-to-long term effects were found across studies, specifically concerning the maintenance and adherence to healthy behaviors. The most employed psychological framework was CBT, including techniques such as self-monitoring of outcome behaviors (mostly targeting glycemia measurements and healthy habits as physical activity and/or diet), tailored motivational feedback from medical staff, and psychoeducation or health coaches. The most successful mHealth intervention combined the feature of tailored feedback messages, interactive communication with healthcare professionals, and multifaceted functions. Conclusions: there is a lack of elaborate and detailed information in the literature regarding the factors considered in the design and development of mHealth solutions used as interventions for T2DM self-management in the elderly. Documentation and inclusion of such vital information will foster a transparent and shared decision-making process that will ultimately lead to the development of useful and user-friendly self-management apps that can enhance the quality of life for diabetes patients. Further research adapting mHealth solutions to older adults’ sensory deficits is necessary. Keywords: diabetes; mHealth; elderly; adherence; self-management; psychological techniques Author: Julia Vázquez-de Sebastián, Andreea Ciudin and Carmina Castellano-Tejedor Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sat Jun 19 04:20:34 2021 CEST ModDate: Sat Jun 19 04:24:18 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 23 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1577446 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MOCBVF+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 MKUYSV+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 MTZDEV+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 YCKOGP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 AIQCCL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 XPUSBJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 BSDWLC+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 39 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 61 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 65 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 69 0 JGMOZW+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 81 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:12:08 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34207402.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:14:21 CEST Size: 1577446 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 789 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Design Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Study Selection Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Information Sources Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Search Terms Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Data Extraction Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Synthesis of Search Results Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Synthesis of Study Characteristics and Outcome Measures Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Type of Interventions & Psychological Techniques Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Discussion of Main Findings Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Weaknesses and Strengths of Studies Included in This Review Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Implication of Policy Making and Further Research Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Analysis of Effectiveness and Psychological Techniques Implemented in mHealth Solutions for Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Literature Author: Julia Vázquez-de Sebastián, Andreea Ciudin and Carmina Castellano-Tejedor Subject: Background: in diabetes, multiple mHealth solutions were produced and implemented for self-management behaviors. However, little research on the effectiveness of psychological techniques implemented within these mHealth solutions was carried out, and even less with the elderly population where technological barriers might exist. Reliable evidence generated through a comprehensive evaluation of mHealth interventions may accelerate its growth for successful long-term implementation and to help to experience mHealth benefits in an enhanced way in all ages. Objective: this study aimed to review mHealth solutions for diabetes self-management in older adults (adherence to treatments and glycemic control) by analyzing the effectiveness of specific psychological techniques implemented. Methods: a narrative review was conducted following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed (Medline) and American Psychological Association (APA) PsycInfo databases were searched for published papers that addressed eHealth solutions’ effectiveness for diabetes self-management. Studies in English, Spanish, and/or German of any design were screened, with no time constraints regarding the year of publication. A qualitative analysis of the selected papers was conducted in several steps. Results: this review found 38 studies setting up and analyzing mHealth solutions for older adults. Most research showed improvements in HbA1c, self-management behaviors, and medication adherence in T2DM patients post intervention. However, different mid-to-long term effects were found across studies, specifically concerning the maintenance and adherence to healthy behaviors. The most employed psychological framework was CBT, including techniques such as self-monitoring of outcome behaviors (mostly targeting glycemia measurements and healthy habits as physical activity and/or diet), tailored motivational feedback from medical staff, and psychoeducation or health coaches. The most successful mHealth intervention combined the feature of tailored feedback messages, interactive communication with healthcare professionals, and multifaceted functions. Conclusions: there is a lack of elaborate and detailed information in the literature regarding the factors considered in the design and development of mHealth solutions used as interventions for T2DM self-management in the elderly. Documentation and inclusion of such vital information will foster a transparent and shared decision-making process that will ultimately lead to the development of useful and user-friendly self-management apps that can enhance the quality of life for diabetes patients. Further research adapting mHealth solutions to older adults’ sensory deficits is necessary. Keywords: diabetes; mHealth; elderly; adherence; self-management; psychological techniques Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sat Jun 19 04:20:34 CEST 2021 ModDate: Sat Jun 19 04:24:18 CEST 2021 ID: 0x023b33e97add67bfd03a8f7e7a35a871, 0x023b33e97add67bfd03a8f7e7a35a871 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: JGMOZW+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 6 LastChar: 21 FontDescriptor: FontName: JGMOZW+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: MTZDEV+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: MTZDEV+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: YCKOGP+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 248 FontDescriptor: FontName: YCKOGP+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: 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