83f0415d08ee4703d30bbbb77f55d175 pmc_34300177.pdf 3fd05ae35eb4d88f2b25151f2a9c4d7cc74d20f1 pmc_34300177.pdf 749ed5dbafc5610c8337b4bb57dd28ab667708bca5676103084cd0d7ae4b8514 pmc_34300177.pdf Title: Sleep Disorders in Adults with Down Syndrome Subject: Sleep disorders, despite being very frequent in adults with Down syndrome (DS), are often overlooked due to a lack of awareness by families and physicians and the absence of specific clinical sleep guidelines. Untreated sleep disorders have a negative impact on physical and mental health, behavior, and cognitive performance. Growing evidence suggests that sleep disruption may also accelerate the progression to symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in this population. It is therefore imperative to have a better understanding of the sleep disorders associated with DS in order to treat them, and in doing so, improve cognition and quality of life, and prevent related comorbidities. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the main sleep disorders in adults with DS, including evaluation and management. It highlights the existing gaps in knowledge and discusses future directions to achieve earlier diagnosis and better treatment of sleep disorders most frequently found in this population. Keywords: Down syndrome; aging; sleep disorders; obstructive sleep apnea; insomnia; Alzheimer’s disease Author: Sandra Giménez, Miren Altuna, Esther Blessing, Ricardo M. Osorio and Juan Fortea Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Jul 6 12:08:07 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Jul 6 12:36:24 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 16 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1736127 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- ESYGMN+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 MJNMJJ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 VRJIPT+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 PSTYLP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 BTFGED+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 XPUSBJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 BSDWLC+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 39 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 61 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 65 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 69 0 FAIEHD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 92 0 FAIEHF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 95 0 FAIEIH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 98 0 FAIEHD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 119 0 FAIEHF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 122 0 FAIEIH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 125 0 FAIEHD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 139 0 FAIEHF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 142 0 FAIEIH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 145 0 FAIEHD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 160 0 FAIEHF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 163 0 FAIEIH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 166 0 LWLIVD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 179 0 GFAWRG+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 190 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-27 02:42:47 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34300177.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:14:35 CEST Size: 1736127 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 612 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Methodology Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Sleep Disorders Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Insomnia and Behavioral Sleep Disturbances Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Children: Item: Title: Diagnosis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Consequences Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Treatment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Sleep Breathing Disorders Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Children: Item: Title: Diagnosis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Treatment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Consequences of OSA Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Sleep Movement Disorders Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Future Directions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Info: Title: Sleep Disorders in Adults with Down Syndrome Author: Sandra Giménez, Miren Altuna, Esther Blessing, Ricardo M. Osorio and Juan Fortea Subject: Sleep disorders, despite being very frequent in adults with Down syndrome (DS), are often overlooked due to a lack of awareness by families and physicians and the absence of specific clinical sleep guidelines. Untreated sleep disorders have a negative impact on physical and mental health, behavior, and cognitive performance. Growing evidence suggests that sleep disruption may also accelerate the progression to symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in this population. It is therefore imperative to have a better understanding of the sleep disorders associated with DS in order to treat them, and in doing so, improve cognition and quality of life, and prevent related comorbidities. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the main sleep disorders in adults with DS, including evaluation and management. It highlights the existing gaps in knowledge and discusses future directions to achieve earlier diagnosis and better treatment of sleep disorders most frequently found in this population. 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