cd2da7edb77b4adf49706a3db6b5e210 pmc_34356876.pdf 01c73e8907805ac1056e5eb4d99e76bd9eee0f11 pmc_34356876.pdf 75bdc4c5ef5274b6d77d2585909d546074b5b72596b88fa943aabe6313aa4340 pmc_34356876.pdf Title: Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Do HDL Play a Role? Subject: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH), the most frequent monogenic disorder of human metabolism, is largely driven by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations. Since the CVD rate differs considerably in this population, beyond the lifetime LDL cholesterol vascular accumulation, other classical risk factors are involved in the high cardiovascular risk of HeFH. Among other lipoprotein disturbances, alterations in the phenotype and functionality of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been described in HeFH patients, contributing to the presence and severity of CVD. In fact, HDL are the first defensive barrier against the burden of high LDL cholesterol levels owing to their contribution to reverse cholesterol transport as well as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. In this context, the present narrative review aimed to focus on quantitative and qualitative abnormalities in HDL particles in HeFH, encompassing metabolic, genetic and epigenetic aspects. Keywords: familial hypercholesterolemia; cardiovascular disease; high density lipoproteins; HDL functionality; genetics; epigenetics Author: Juan Pedro-Botet, Elisenda Climent and David Benaiges Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Jul 13 12:09:04 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Jul 13 14:01:07 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 11 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 19959085 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- RLZDOP+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 ZIQQVP+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 RMJKMV+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 QDCWHF+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 23 0 GKYVXB+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 27 0 EBFBTV+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:08:27 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34356876.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:14:44 CEST Size: 19959085 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 387 FreeObjects: 9 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Low HDL Cholesterol Phenotype in HeFH Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Dysfunctional HDL Particles in HeFH Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Defective Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT) Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Other Altered HDL Atheroprotective Effects Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: MicroRNA Transport Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Genetics and Epigenetics Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Impact of Current FH Lipid-Lowering Drugs on HDL Functionality Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.6 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Do HDL Play a Role? Author: Juan Pedro-Botet, Elisenda Climent and David Benaiges Subject: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH), the most frequent monogenic disorder of human metabolism, is largely driven by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations. Since the CVD rate differs considerably in this population, beyond the lifetime LDL cholesterol vascular accumulation, other classical risk factors are involved in the high cardiovascular risk of HeFH. Among other lipoprotein disturbances, alterations in the phenotype and functionality of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been described in HeFH patients, contributing to the presence and severity of CVD. In fact, HDL are the first defensive barrier against the burden of high LDL cholesterol levels owing to their contribution to reverse cholesterol transport as well as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. In this context, the present narrative review aimed to focus on quantitative and qualitative abnormalities in HDL particles in HeFH, encompassing metabolic, genetic and epigenetic aspects. 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