1e634188f307643b24e2881feecfacd0 pmc_34357043.pdf 92124c741c9925ee567bbd98c3605d79811dac0f pmc_34357043.pdf cbfa4314f86303d5f5c4e4516a7693094822a8c3e7926850534a7d2ceea942be pmc_34357043.pdf Title: Experimental Setting for Applying Mechanical Stimuli to Study the Endothelial Response of Ex Vivo Vessels under Realistic Pathophysiological Environments Subject: This paper describes the design, construction and testing of an experimental setting, making it possible to study the endothelium under different pathophysiological conditions. This novel experimental approach allows the application of the following stimuli to an ex vivo vessel in a physiological bath: (a) a realistic intravascular pressure waveform defined by the user; (b) shear stress in the endothelial layer since, in addition to the pressure waveform, the flow through the vessel can be independently controlled by the user; (c) conditions of hypo/hyperoxia and hypo/hypercapnia in an intravascular circulating medium. These stimuli can be applied alone or in different combinations to study possible synergistic or antagonistic effects. The setting performance is illustrated by a proof of concept in an ex vivo rabbit aorta. The experimental setting is easy to build by using very low-cost materials widely available. Online Supplement files provide all the technical information (e.g., circuits, codes, 3D printer drivers) following an open-source hardware approach for free replication. Keywords: bioreactor; vessel mechanics; experimental physiology; mechanical stimuli; hypoxia; open-source hardware Author: Ana Osuna, Anna Ulldemolins, Hector Sanz-Fraile, Jorge Otero, Núria Farré, Ramon Farré and Isaac Almendros Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Jul 8 15:45:55 2021 CEST ModDate: Fri Jul 9 04:20:48 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 9 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1974864 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MNKXXK+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 PBEVEN+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 LILERE+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 HTSEKH+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 MQFYIK+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 PJCGLK+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 37 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 59 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 63 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 67 0 LWGQQX+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 82 0 ZIUEQU+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 86 0 JLIOKG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 93 0 JLIOKH+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 96 0 JLIOKI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 102 0 JLIOLJ+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 105 0 JLIOKG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 118 0 JLIOKI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 121 0 JLIOLJ+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 124 0 JLIOKG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 132 0 JLIOKI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 135 0 JLIOLJ+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 138 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 146 0 JLJEDM+DengXian CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 153 0 JLIOKG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 159 0 JLIOKI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 162 0 JLIOLJ+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 165 0 JLIOKG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 172 0 JLIOKH+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 175 0 JLIOKI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 181 0 JLIOLJ+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 184 0 JLJDGO+CambriaMath CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 187 0 JLJDHP+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 193 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2021-09-11 02:57:15 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34357043.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2021-08-09 03:33:49 CEST Size: 1974864 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 349 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Info: Title: Experimental Setting for Applying Mechanical Stimuli to Study the Endothelial Response of Ex Vivo Vessels under Realistic Pathophysiological Environments Author: Ana Osuna, Anna Ulldemolins, Hector Sanz-Fraile, Jorge Otero, Núria Farré, Ramon Farré and Isaac Almendros Subject: This paper describes the design, construction and testing of an experimental setting, making it possible to study the endothelium under different pathophysiological conditions. This novel experimental approach allows the application of the following stimuli to an ex vivo vessel in a physiological bath: (a) a realistic intravascular pressure waveform defined by the user; (b) shear stress in the endothelial layer since, in addition to the pressure waveform, the flow through the vessel can be independently controlled by the user; (c) conditions of hypo/hyperoxia and hypo/hypercapnia in an intravascular circulating medium. These stimuli can be applied alone or in different combinations to study possible synergistic or antagonistic effects. The setting performance is illustrated by a proof of concept in an ex vivo rabbit aorta. The experimental setting is easy to build by using very low-cost materials widely available. Online Supplement files provide all the technical information (e.g., circuits, codes, 3D printer drivers) following an open-source hardware approach for free replication. 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