86de93dde4a638f3b0a48bd9a8cd8ed3 pmc_34359250.pdf 01bdcbdc2752360874f12ea13606877ed2dc22ba pmc_34359250.pdf 790f3e6fef128733a883032c3d58af7ce6e0c87eff248b8d232dfa87b4b1c7e7 pmc_34359250.pdf Title: Porcine Protein Hydrolysates (PEPTEIVA®) Promote Growth and Enhance Systemic Immunity in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Subject: The effects of porcine plasma protein hydrolysate (PPH) on growth, feed efficiency, and immune responses was evaluated in Sparus aurata. Fish were fed two isoproteic (48% protein), isolipidic (17% fat), and isoenergetic diets (21.7 MJ/kg) diets, one of them containing 5% PPH at the expense of fishmeal. Both diets were tested for 92 days. A significant increase in growth was observed in fish fed the PPH diet in comparison to the control group (182.2 4.4 vs. 173.8 4.1 g), as well as an increase in feed intake without worsening FCR values. An ex vivo assay, with splenocytes incubated with lipopolysaccharide, was conducted to evaluate the cellular immune competence of fish. Genes involved in humoral immunity (lys, IgM), pro- (tnf-, il-1), and anti-inflammatory (tgf-1, il10) cytokines were upregulated in the PPH group in comparison to the control group. The inclusion of PPH in diets enhanced the antibacterial capacity of skin mucus, as the co-culture of selected bacteria (E. coli, V. anguillarum, and P. anguilliseptica) with skin mucus indicated. The present results showed that the PPH in low fishmeal diets (2%) promoted growth and feed efficiency, as well as enhancing the immune response, which indicates that this is a safe and functional ingredient for aquafeeds. Keywords: aquaculture; functional feed; protein hydrolysates; low fishmeal diet; pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP); skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) Author: Enric Gisbert, Antoni Ibarz, Joana P. Firmino, Laura Fernández-Alacid, Ricardo Salomón, Eva Vallejos-Vidal, Alberto Ruiz, Javier Polo, Ignasi Sanahuja, Felipe E. Reyes-López, Lluis Tort and Karl B. Andree Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sun Jul 18 11:23:59 2021 CEST ModDate: Sun Jul 18 11:45:48 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 16 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 7167719 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- ENXZUH+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 UOHDZX+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 LWJKKC+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 PLVXPQ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 SEZNRU+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 CUPAJH+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 YFFKLH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 36 0 DUJUUF+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 40 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 48 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 70 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 74 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 78 0 KQBTEG+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 96 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2021-09-11 02:56:46 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34359250.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2021-08-16 03:36:08 CEST Size: 7167719 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 371 FreeObjects: 7 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Children: Item: Title: Fish, Diets, and Sampling Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Skin Mucus Collection, Biomarker Analyses, and Antibacterial Activity Measurement Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Ex Vivo Immune Stimulation of Splenocytes with LPS and Gene Expression Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Children: Item: Title: Growth, Body Condition, and Feed Performance Indicators Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Skin Mucus Biomarkers and Bactericidal Activity Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Gene Expression Analysis of Splenocytes Stimulated by LPS in an Ex Vivo Assay Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Info: Title: Porcine Protein Hydrolysates (PEPTEIVA®) Promote Growth and Enhance Systemic Immunity in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Author: Enric Gisbert, Antoni Ibarz, Joana P. Firmino, Laura Fernández-Alacid, Ricardo Salomón, Eva Vallejos-Vidal, Alberto Ruiz, Javier Polo, Ignasi Sanahuja, Felipe E. Reyes-López, Lluis Tort and Karl B. Andree Subject: The effects of porcine plasma protein hydrolysate (PPH) on growth, feed efficiency, and immune responses was evaluated in Sparus aurata. Fish were fed two isoproteic (48% protein), isolipidic (17% fat), and isoenergetic diets (21.7 MJ/kg) diets, one of them containing 5% PPH at the expense of fishmeal. Both diets were tested for 92 days. A significant increase in growth was observed in fish fed the PPH diet in comparison to the control group (182.2 4.4 vs. 173.8 4.1 g), as well as an increase in feed intake without worsening FCR values. An ex vivo assay, with splenocytes incubated with lipopolysaccharide, was conducted to evaluate the cellular immune competence of fish. Genes involved in humoral immunity (lys, IgM), pro- (tnf-, il-1), and anti-inflammatory (tgf-1, il10) cytokines were upregulated in the PPH group in comparison to the control group. The inclusion of PPH in diets enhanced the antibacterial capacity of skin mucus, as the co-culture of selected bacteria (E. coli, V. anguillarum, and P. anguilliseptica) with skin mucus indicated. The present results showed that the PPH in low fishmeal diets (2%) promoted growth and feed efficiency, as well as enhancing the immune response, which indicates that this is a safe and functional ingredient for aquafeeds. 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