0574e2d3600caa905370b83e466dc809 pmc_34360520.pdf 076331732f3a7b415c1f3c773c3b222518aa5362 pmc_34360520.pdf 920b894e41475ea63aa11e3886ad12cc44bc855c1b671f6b93b9598110346dcd pmc_34360520.pdf Title: Identifying Factors Influencing Attention in Adolescents with a Co-Created Questionnaire: A Citizen Science Approach with Secondary Students in Barcelona, Spain Subject: Studies on factors that can influence attention in healthy adolescents are recent and focus on recurrent topics. Students’ contribution to public health research often revolves around collecting data but rarely around creating data collection instruments. The ATENC!Ó project reunited secondary students and scientists to create a questionnaire including factors that students thought could affect their attention. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess whether the factors included in this questionnaire had an effect on attention in adolescents. A total of 1667 students (13–16 years old) from 28 schools in Barcelona performed a validated attention test and answered the questionnaire. The response speed consistency (attentiveness), expressed as hit reaction time standard error (HRT-SE, in ms), was used as the primary outcome. Analyses were conducted using conditional linear regression with school as strata, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and further stratified by gender and maternal social class. Some factors showed a negative influence on attention, including taking medication and not reading regularly. We found a significant 14.3% (95% confidence interval: 3.4%, 25.3%) higher median of HRT-SE (increase inattentiveness) among students who reported not having a good relationship with classmates. Students’ input into research is relevant for advancing the knowledge production in public health. Keywords: adolescents; attention; citizen science; secondary education; questionnaire design; public health Author: Florence Gignac, Caterina Solé, Jose Barrera-Gómez, Cecilia Persavento, Èlia Tena, Mónica López-Vicente, Jordi Júlvez, Jordi Sunyer, Digna Couso and Xavier Basagaña Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Aug 4 04:49:18 2021 CEST ModDate: Wed Aug 4 05:13:53 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 19 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1555843 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- AGWTAV+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 SCXQXI+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 AXWGWI+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 SCIZDI+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 EZIOBX+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 LWQXII+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 IRWHZX+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 39 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 61 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 65 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 69 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 92 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 96 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 100 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 104 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 127 0 FXXUVH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 131 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 143 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 151 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 155 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 175 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 179 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 183 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-27 02:42:08 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34360520.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:14:45 CEST Size: 1555843 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 427 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Theoretical Background Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Adolescent Cognitive Development Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Factors Associated with Attention Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Children: Item: Title: Project Overview and Recruitment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Co-Creation Process to Develop a Data Collection Instrument Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Experimental Study Design and Data Collection Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Attention Testing Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Info: Title: Identifying Factors Influencing Attention in Adolescents with a Co-Created Questionnaire: A Citizen Science Approach with Secondary Students in Barcelona, Spain Author: Florence Gignac, Caterina Solé, Jose Barrera-Gómez, Cecilia Persavento, Èlia Tena, Mónica López-Vicente, Jordi Júlvez, Jordi Sunyer, Digna Couso and Xavier Basagaña Subject: Studies on factors that can influence attention in healthy adolescents are recent and focus on recurrent topics. Students’ contribution to public health research often revolves around collecting data but rarely around creating data collection instruments. The ATENC!Ó project reunited secondary students and scientists to create a questionnaire including factors that students thought could affect their attention. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess whether the factors included in this questionnaire had an effect on attention in adolescents. A total of 1667 students (13 16 years old) from 28 schools in Barcelona performed a validated attention test and answered the questionnaire. The response speed consistency (attentiveness), expressed as hit reaction time standard error (HRT-SE, in ms), was used as the primary outcome. Analyses were conducted using conditional linear regression with school as strata, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and further stratified by gender and maternal social class. Some factors showed a negative influence on attention, including taking medication and not reading regularly. We found a significant 14.3% (95% confidence interval: 3.4%, 25.3%) higher median of HRT-SE (increase inattentiveness) among students who reported not having a good relationship with classmates. Students’ input into research is relevant for advancing the knowledge production in public health. 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