e6a9bed0a06a99aebafdc397ec1b5720 pmc_34362062.pdf 69c879f48d5a17aeb25b28145ec4322cdd902917 pmc_34362062.pdf 287b14b8dd2f070d387435c2efcfabf626a3255d682856d18509533978ba5bbe pmc_34362062.pdf Title: Transcutaneous Electrical Neuromodulation of the Cervical Spinal Cord Depends Both on the Stimulation Intensity and the Degree of Voluntary Activity for Training. A Pilot Study Subject: Electrical enabling motor control (eEmc) through transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation offers promise in improving hand function. However, it is still unknown which stimulus intensity or which muscle force level could be better for this improvement. Nine healthy individuals received the following interventions: (i) eEmc intensities at 80%, 90% and 110% of abductor pollicis brevis motor threshold combined with hand training consisting in 100% handgrip strength; (ii) hand training consisting in 100% and 50% of maximal handgrip strength combined with 90% eEmc intensity. The evaluations included box and blocks test (BBT), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), F wave persistency, F/M ratio, spinal and cortical motor evoked potentials (MEP), recruitment curves of spinal MEP and cortical MEP and short-interval intracortical inhibition. The results showed that: (i) 90% eEmc intensity increased BBT, MVC, F wave persistency, F/M ratio and cortical MEP recruitment curve; 110% eEmc intensity increased BBT, F wave persistency and cortical MEP and recruitment curve of cortical MEP; (ii) 100% handgrip strength training significantly modulated MVC, F wave persistency, F/M wave and cortical MEP recruitment curve in comparison to 50% handgrip strength. In conclusion, eEmc intensity and muscle strength during training both influence the results for neuromodulation at the cervical level. Keywords: transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation; intensity effect; muscle strength effect; hand training; neuromodulation; cervical spinal cord Author: Hatice Kumru, María Rodríguez-Cañón, Victor R. Edgerton, Loreto García, África Flores, Ignasi Soriano, Eloy Opisso, Yury Gerasimenko, Xavier Navarro, Guillermo García-Alías and Joan Vidal Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Aug 5 04:24:01 2021 CEST ModDate: Thu Aug 5 05:33:59 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 16 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2339899 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- OPETZR+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 UQXSEF+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 SGOAAC+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 FABASH+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 JNIXLF+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 PGIWGY+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 32 0 XPUSBJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 40 0 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PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 405 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Experimental Section Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Children: Item: Title: Study Design Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Interventions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Functional and Motor Strength Assesment of the Healthy Participants Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Children: Item: Title: Box and Block Test (BBT) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) during Hand Grip 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edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Children: Item: Title: Functional and Motor Strength Assessment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Item: Title: Neurophysiological Assessment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: Effects of Hand Grip Force during Training Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Children: Item: Title: Functional and Motor Strength Assessment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Item: Title: Neurophysiological Assessment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Children: Item: Title: Effects of eEmc Intensity Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612679d6 Item: Title: Effects of Handgrip Strength during Training Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@11758f2a Item: Title: Limitations of the Study Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@e720b71 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1b26f7b2 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@491cc5c9 Info: Title: Transcutaneous Electrical Neuromodulation of the Cervical Spinal Cord Depends Both on the Stimulation Intensity and the Degree of Voluntary Activity for Training. A Pilot Study Author: Hatice Kumru, María Rodríguez-Cañón, Victor R. Edgerton, Loreto García, África Flores, Ignasi Soriano, Eloy Opisso, Yury Gerasimenko, Xavier Navarro, Guillermo García-Alías and Joan Vidal Subject: Electrical enabling motor control (eEmc) through transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation offers promise in improving hand function. However, it is still unknown which stimulus intensity or which muscle force level could be better for this improvement. Nine healthy individuals received the following interventions: (i) eEmc intensities at 80%, 90% and 110% of abductor pollicis brevis motor threshold combined with hand training consisting in 100% handgrip strength; (ii) hand training consisting in 100% and 50% of maximal handgrip strength combined with 90% eEmc intensity. The evaluations included box and blocks test (BBT), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), F wave persistency, F/M ratio, spinal and cortical motor evoked potentials (MEP), recruitment curves of spinal MEP and cortical MEP and short-interval intracortical inhibition. The results showed that: (i) 90% eEmc intensity increased BBT, MVC, F wave persistency, F/M ratio and cortical MEP recruitment curve; 110% eEmc intensity increased BBT, F wave persistency and cortical MEP and recruitment curve of cortical MEP; (ii) 100% handgrip strength training significantly modulated MVC, F wave persistency, F/M wave and cortical MEP recruitment curve in comparison to 50% handgrip strength. In conclusion, eEmc intensity and muscle strength during training both influence the results for neuromodulation at the cervical level. 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