01d1bc031d8e31ed29d4a45551e8a412 pmc_34372414.pdf 762ea81a237b248a9819fc40cbc786501658feb9 pmc_34372414.pdf 5ea89cd5040222f115a971434e94d0b0d9f719c74ec541362b856b63cdc28ef8 pmc_34372414.pdf Title: Location-Privacy Leakage and Integrated Solutions for 5G Cellular Networks and Beyond Subject: The 5g of cellular networks improves the precision of user localization and provides the means to disclose location information to ott service providers. The nwdaf can further elaborate this information at an aggregated level using artificial intelligence techniques. These powerful features may lead to the improper use of user location information by mno and ott service providers. Moreover, vulnerabilities at various layers may also leak user location information to eavesdroppers. Hence, the privacy of users is likely at risk, as location is part of their sensitive data. In this paper, we first go through the evolution of localization in cellular networks and investigate their effects on location privacy. Then, we propose a location-privacy-preserving integrated solution comprising virtual private mobile networks, an independent authentication and billing authority, and functions to protect wireless signals against location information leakage. Moreover, we advocate the continuous and detailed control of localization services by the user. Keywords: privacy; cellular networks; localization; 5G Author: Stefano Tomasin 1,4, Marco Centenaro 1, Gonzalo Seco-Granados 2, Stefan Roth 3 and Aydin Sezgin 3 Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Aug 3 11:00:37 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Aug 3 11:10:24 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 669995 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- XXHUHB+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 CIVRYG+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 URVFRP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 RVSEMT+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 27 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 49 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 53 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 57 0 XXHUHB+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 74 0 CIVRYG+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 78 0 URVFRP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 82 0 IXLVLQ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 117 0 JHYTSG+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 121 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:07:42 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34372414.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:14:48 CEST Size: 669995 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 247 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: 〠灲漠ぶどつづっはねねちのつ攠ばちでづぬどぴごどぴぬづ〠渠づぷっはねねちのつ攠ばちでづぬどぴごどぴぬづ〲〠灲漠ぶどつづっはねねちのつ攠っはのぴづのぴぬどぴごどぴぬづ〠渠づぷっはねねちのつ攠っはのぴづのぴぬどぴごどぴぬづがどぴづひちぴふひづ〠あちっにでひはふのつひづぶどづぷっはぬはひがどぴづひちぴふひづ〠あちっにでひはふのつ〠灲漠ぶどつづっはねねちのつ攠びづっぴどはのぬどぴごどぴぬづ〠渠づぷっはねねちのつ攠びづっぴどはのぬどぴごどぴぬづ〲 Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Localization Techniques Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Localization by the User and the Mobile Network Operator Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Localization by Eavesdroppers Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Location Information Flow Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Integrated Position Privacy Destination: section.5 Item: Title: The Privacy-Aware Ecosystem Destination: section.6 Item: Title: Virtual Private Mobility Network Destination: section.7 Children: Item: Title: vpmn with Dedicated Relay Destination: subsection.7.1 Item: Title: vpmn with Generic Relays Destination: subsection.7.2 Item: Title: Performance Evaluation Destination: subsection.7.3 Item: Title: Awareness and Control by the User Destination: section.8 Item: Title: Technical Challenges Destination: section.9 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.10 Item: Title: References Destination: section.10 Info: Title: Location-Privacy Leakage and Integrated Solutions for 5G Cellular Networks and Beyond Author: Stefano Tomasin 1,4, Marco Centenaro 1, Gonzalo Seco-Granados 2, Stefan Roth 3 and Aydin Sezgin 3 Subject: The 5g of cellular networks improves the precision of user localization and provides the means to disclose location information to ott service providers. The nwdaf can further elaborate this information at an aggregated level using artificial intelligence techniques. These powerful features may lead to the improper use of user location information by mno and ott service providers. Moreover, vulnerabilities at various layers may also leak user location information to eavesdroppers. Hence, the privacy of users is likely at risk, as location is part of their sensitive data. In this paper, we first go through the evolution of localization in cellular networks and investigate their effects on location privacy. Then, we propose a location-privacy-preserving integrated solution comprising virtual private mobile networks, an independent authentication and billing authority, and functions to protect wireless signals against location information leakage. Moreover, we advocate the continuous and detailed control of localization services by the user. Keywords: privacy; cellular networks; localization; 5G Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Aug 03 11:00:37 CEST 2021 ModDate: Tue Aug 03 11:10:24 CEST 2021 ID: 0xc6194608d67d39217331ce52cded87e9, 0xc6194608d67d39217331ce52cded87e9 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 1783 ImageHeight: 1348 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 667 ImageHeight: 518 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 726 ImageHeight: 580 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 746 ImageHeight: 584 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: 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