13b2d296b832bc62718c5982f4c7a361 pmc_34444085.pdf 7a06b0fa127539ef452644d16f66d12b397fd87b pmc_34444085.pdf 1f7fd1a7518ced624939c6c156324aad866474619811d5f2614047efadc6d924 pmc_34444085.pdf Title: Rethinking the Fertility Transition in Rural Aragón (Spain) Using Height Data Subject: Based on an analysis of the life trajectories of 2510 conscripts and their families from a Spanish rural area in the period 1835–1977, this paper studies the development of the fertility transition in relation to height using bivariate analyses. The use of heights is an innovative perspective of delving into the fertility transition and social transformation entailed. The results confirm that the men with a low level of biological well-being (related to low socio-economic groups) were those who started to control their fertility, perhaps due to the effect that increased average family size had on their budget. The children of individuals who controlled their fertility were taller than the children of other families. Therefore, the children of parents who controlled their fertility experienced the largest intergenerational increase in height (approximately 50% higher). This increase could be due to the consequence of a greater investment in children (Becker’s hypothesis) or a greater availability of resources for the whole family (resource dilution hypothesis). Keywords: fertility transition; biological well-being; health; height; intergenerational Author: Francisco J. Marco-Gracia and Margarita López-Antón Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Aug 10 08:02:14 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Aug 10 08:11:45 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 28 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2131074 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- EVDNUT+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 YJETHV+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 LEASQY+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 SOZKOC+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 UJJPDA+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 LWQXII+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 IRWHZX+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 39 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 61 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 65 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 69 0 DABPBL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 92 0 DABPBN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 95 0 DABPBP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 98 0 SOSCBV+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 111 0 SMXNRB+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 115 0 DABPBL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 133 0 DABPBN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 136 0 DABPBP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 139 0 DABPBL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 153 0 DABPBN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 156 0 DABPBP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 159 0 DABPBL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 171 0 DABPBN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 174 0 DABPBP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 177 0 DABPBL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 189 0 DABPBN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 192 0 DABPBP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 195 0 DABPBL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 224 0 DABPBN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 227 0 DABPBP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 230 0 DABPBL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 242 0 DABPBN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 245 0 DABPBP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 248 0 DABPBL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 263 0 DABPBN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 266 0 DABPBP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 269 0 DABPBL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 281 0 DABPBN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 284 0 DABPBP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 287 0 DABPBL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 303 0 DABPBN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 306 0 DABPBP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 309 0 DABPBL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 321 0 DABPBN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 324 0 DABPBP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 327 0 AZIDHM+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 341 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:05:50 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34444085.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:14:57 CEST Size: 2131074 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 655 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Area, Data and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Area Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Data Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Methods Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Fertility Control Using Stopping Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: The Pioneers of the Fertility Transition Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: The Effect of the Fertility Transition on the Biological Well-Being of Offspring Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Family Group Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Destination: section.A. Item: Title: References Destination: specialtable.caption.28 Info: Title: Rethinking the Fertility Transition in Rural Aragón (Spain) Using Height Data Author: Francisco J. Marco-Gracia and Margarita López-Antón Subject: Based on an analysis of the life trajectories of 2510 conscripts and their families from a Spanish rural area in the period 1835 1977, this paper studies the development of the fertility transition in relation to height using bivariate analyses. The use of heights is an innovative perspective of delving into the fertility transition and social transformation entailed. The results confirm that the men with a low level of biological well-being (related to low socio-economic groups) were those who started to control their fertility, perhaps due to the effect that increased average family size had on their budget. The children of individuals who controlled their fertility were taller than the children of other families. Therefore, the children of parents who controlled their fertility experienced the largest intergenerational increase in height (approximately 50% higher). This increase could be due to the consequence of a greater investment in children (Becker’s hypothesis) or a greater availability of resources for the whole family (resource dilution hypothesis). Keywords: fertility transition; biological well-being; health; height; intergenerational Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Aug 10 08:02:14 CEST 2021 ModDate: Tue Aug 10 08:11:45 CEST 2021 ID: 0x82088c1f1e604490bc68a9890638c0b4, 0x82088c1f1e604490bc68a9890638c0b4 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: LEASQY+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 246 FontDescriptor: FontName: LEASQY+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: SMXNRB+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 12 LastChar: 34 FontDescriptor: FontName: SMXNRB+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: AZIDHM+VnURWPalladioL-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 146 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: AZIDHM+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: 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