5ad17783fa91cd2cb0a415d181461400 pmc_34444661.pdf b8344e2755e19d6fec75334c5ab9b5ee1abb9a99 pmc_34444661.pdf df11cdb0531c6e47964f33939b4390b18fa331d0cc4fec4cc39744cf6f5286fd pmc_34444661.pdf Title: Social Inequalities in Breakfast Consumption among Adolescents in Spain: The DESKcohort Project Subject: Breakfast has a critical role in energy balance and dietary regulation. Consequently, it is considered an important component of a healthy diet, especially in adolescence, when there are great opportunities to consolidate habits and establish future patterns of healthiness in adulthood. Socioeconomic position (SEP) causes inequalities that are reflected in health behaviors, physical activity, mental health, and diet. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019–2020 DESKcohort project (Spain) to explore the relationships between breakfast and sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and school performance of 7319 adolescents. Our findings showed that the prevalence of skipping breakfast every day was 19.4% in girls and 13.7% in boys and was related to students’ SEP. The risk of skipping breakfast was 30% higher in girls from the most disadvantaged SEP, in comparison to those in the most advanced SEP (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–1.54). Also, boys from the most disadvantaged SEP showed 28% higher risk of skipping breakfast than those in the most advanced SEP (PR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.04–1.59). In conclusion, future public policies should be adapted considering a SEP and gender perspective to avoid increasing nutritional and health inequalities. Keywords: breakfast skipping; adolescents; socioeconomic position; social inequalities; social determinants of health Author: Laura Esquius, Alicia Aguilar-Martínez, Marina Bosque-Prous, Helena González-Casals, Anna Bach-Faig, Ester Colillas-Malet, Gemma Salvador and Albert Espelt Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Jul 22 12:55:30 2021 CEST ModDate: Thu Jul 22 13:35:17 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 333595 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- IYDCBB+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 AJSJKC+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 IKZZLC+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 OIUYCK+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 SSNIUI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 HGMNRX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 WOWCNF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 81 0 URYLRZ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 88 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2021-09-11 02:51:06 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34444661.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2021-08-30 03:34:50 CEST Size: 333595 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 357 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Children: Item: Title: Prevalence of Skipping Breakfast and Socioeconomic Position (SEP) and Other Social Related Factors Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Strengths and Limitations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Implications and Recommendations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Info: Title: Social Inequalities in Breakfast Consumption among Adolescents in Spain: The DESKcohort Project Author: Laura Esquius, Alicia Aguilar-Martínez, Marina Bosque-Prous, Helena González-Casals, Anna Bach-Faig, Ester Colillas-Malet, Gemma Salvador and Albert Espelt Subject: Breakfast has a critical role in energy balance and dietary regulation. Consequently, it is considered an important component of a healthy diet, especially in adolescence, when there are great opportunities to consolidate habits and establish future patterns of healthiness in adulthood. Socioeconomic position (SEP) causes inequalities that are reflected in health behaviors, physical activity, mental health, and diet. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 2020 DESKcohort project (Spain) to explore the relationships between breakfast and sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and school performance of 7319 adolescents. Our findings showed that the prevalence of skipping breakfast every day was 19.4% in girls and 13.7% in boys and was related to students’ SEP. The risk of skipping breakfast was 30% higher in girls from the most disadvantaged SEP, in comparison to those in the most advanced SEP (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11 1.54). Also, boys from the most disadvantaged SEP showed 28% higher risk of skipping breakfast than those in the most advanced SEP (PR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.04 1.59). In conclusion, future public policies should be adapted considering a SEP and gender perspective to avoid increasing nutritional and health inequalities. Keywords: breakfast skipping; adolescents; socioeconomic position; social inequalities; social determinants of health Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Jul 22 12:55:30 CEST 2021 ModDate: Thu Jul 22 13:35:17 CEST 2021 ID: 0xd27bcb81c918afa77f0bae64eb223273, 0xd27bcb81c918afa77f0bae64eb223273 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: WOWCNF+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 20 LastChar: 20 FontDescriptor: FontName: WOWCNF+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: IKZZLC+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 150 FontDescriptor: FontName: IKZZLC+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: OIUYCK+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 246 FontDescriptor: FontName: OIUYCK+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true 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