Supplementary: Picture 1: Hydroponic installation in the ICTA-UAB rooftop greenhouse. Table 1: Nutrients applied to struvite fertilized treatments and control treatment. P, N and Mg content in struvite treatments. g/L P N Mg CONTROL NUTRIENT KPO4H2 13.625 SOLUTION KNO3 10.125 K2SO4 43.5 Ca(NO3)2 16.375 CaCl2*2H2O 14.75 Mg(NO3)2 22.25 Hortrilon 1 Sequestrene 1 PHOSPHOROUS FREE KNO3 10.125 NUTRIENT SOLUTION K2SO4 43.5 Ca(NO3)2 16.375 CaCl2*2H2O 14.75 Mg(NO3)2 22.25 Hortrilon 1 Sequestrene 1 STRUVITE 5g 0.625g 0.285g 0.495g 10g 1.25g 0.57g 0.99g 20g 2.5g 1.14g 1.98g Phython script: import cv2 from os import listdir import numpy as np from os.path import isfile, join if __name__ == '__main__': carpetaImatges = 'PATH' + '/' fitxersImatges = listdir(carpetaImatges) for iImatge in range(0, len(fitxersImatges)): if fitxersImatges[iImatge][-4:] == '.jpg' or fitxersImatges[iImatge][-4:] == '.png': imatge = cv2.imread(carpetaImatges+fitxersImatges[iImatge]) maskNegre = 255*np.ones((imatge.shape[0],imatge.shape[1])) maskNegre[405:730,1014:1549] = 0 imatge_G = imatge[:,:,1] imatge_G = imatge_G < 200 imatge_G = imatge_G*maskNegre cv2.imwrite(carpetaImatges + fitxersImatges[iImatge][:-4] + 'Bin' + '.jpg',imatge_G) print('Image: ' + fitxersImatges[iImatge]) print('Leaves Area: ' + str(np.sum(imatge_G>0)) + ' (' + str(np.sum(imatge_G>0)/(imatge.shape[0]*imatge.shape[1])) + '% of the image)') Figure 1: Climatic conditions recorded in the greenhouse laboratory DAT= days after transplanting, Hum= relative humidity (%), Rad = incoming radiation recorded inside the building (W/m2), Temp= Recorded temperature inside the greenhouse (ºC). Figure 2: Irrigation and leachate parameters recorded for lettuce production. DAT= days after transplanting, EC= electric conductivity (μS/cm), pH= pH value. Treatments 5LE= leachate from crops fertilized with 5g of struvite, 10LE= leachate from crops fertilized with 10g of struvite, leachate from crops fertilized with 20LE= 20g of struvite, CLE= leachate from control treatment, RLE= irrigated nutrient solution). Figure 3: Irrigation and leachate parameters recorded for pepper production. DAT= days after transplanting, EC= electric conductivity (μS/cm), pH= pH value. Treatments 5P= leachate from crops fertilized with 5g of struvite, 10P= leachate from crops fertilized with 10g of struvite, leachate from crops fertilized with 20P= 20g of struvite, CP= leachate from control treatment, RP= irrigated nutrient solution). Table 2: Lettuce yield recorded from labeled pots (A to O) for all harvests (Sampling 1, 2 and 3), for treatment 5LE (5g), 10LE (10g) and 20LE (20g). Yield differences between samplings 1 (S1) and sampling 2 (S2) as well as sampling 2 and sampling 3 (S3) within the same growing pot given in %. Table 3: Lettuce average production for all harvests (given in g) for treatments 5LE, 10LE, 20LE and CLE. Difference to control calculated for each harvest (given in %). 5LE 10LE 20LE CONTROL 1ST HARVEST 225.5 249.8 272.6 250 DIF TO CONTROL -11% 0% 8% 2ND HARVEST 224.8 251.6 261.3 279 DIF TO CONTROL -24% -11% -7% 3RD HARVEST 135.5 143.9 164.7 140.2 DIF TO CONTROL -3% 3% 15% Figure 4: Water flows recorded for the lettuce production. DAT= days after transplanting, IR= irrigated water (L/plant), LI= leachate water (L/plant), 5g= leachates generated from plants fertilized with 5g struvite, 10g= leachates generated from plants fertilized with 10g struvite, 20g= leachates generated from plants fertilized with 20g struvite, Control= leachates generated from control plants and water irrigated to control plants, Struvite= water irrigated to struvite fertilized treatments. Figure 5: Water flows recorded for the pepper production. DAT= days after transplanting, IR= irrigated water (L/plant), LI= leachate water (L/plant), 5g= leachates generated from plants fertilized with 5g struvite, 10g= leachates generated from plants fertilized with 10g struvite, 20g= leachates generated from plants fertilized with 20g struvite, Control= leachates generated from control plants and water irrigated to control plants, Struvite= water irrigated to struvite fertilized treatments. Figure 6: Accumulated P (g) recorded in the leachates generated per lettuce plant. DAT= days after transplanting, 5g= plants fertilized with 5g of struvite, 10g= plants fertilized with 10g of struvite, 20g= plants fertilized with 20g of struvite. Accumulated P (g) recorded in the leachates generated per pepper plant. DAT= days after transplanting, 5g= plants fertilized with 5g of struvite, 10g= plants fertilized with 10g of struvite, 20g= plants fertilized with 20g of struvite. Total P content in Fruits (g) 0,045 0,04 0,035 0,03 Total g 0,025 1st Harvest 0,02 2nd Harvest 0,015 3rd Harvest 0,01 4th Harvest 0,005 0 5 10 20 C Treatments Figure 7: P content (g) in pepper fruit harvests for treatments 5 = plants fertilized with 5g of struvite, 10 = plants fertilized with 10g of struvite, 20 = plants fertilized with 20g of struvite and C= control treatment. Values given for all harvests (1=55 DAT, 2= 62 DAT, 3= 72 DAT and 4= 81 DAT). Figure 8: Correlation between the initially given P to the plant (g) and the total P (g) found in the lettuce biomass. Table 4: Prospection of 9 lettuce crop cycles and balance flows for each cycle for lettuces with initial 20g, 10g and 5g of struvite. Key values labeled as L= P lost in leachates, B = P in lettuce biomass, Y = Prospective yield. 1st Cycle 2nd Cycle 3rd Cycle 4th Cycle 5th Cycle 5g 10g 20g 5g 10g 20g 5g 10g 20g 5g 10g 20g 5g 10g 20g L: 0.01 0.01 0.02 L: 0.00 0.01 0.03 L: 0.01 0.01 0.03 L: 0.01 0.01 0.03 L: 0.01 0.01 0.02 B: 0.05 0.06 0.07 B: 0.05 0.05 0.08 B: 0.03 0.04 0.06 B: 0.04 0.05 0.07 B: 0.04 0.05 0.07 Y: 225 249 273 Y: 224 252 261 Y: 133 140 150 Y: 171 198 249 Y: 169 195 244 6th Cycle 7th Cycle 8th Cycle 9th Cycle Total 5g 10g 20g 5g 10g 20g 5g 10g 20g 5g 10g 20g 5g 10g 20g L: 0.01 0.01 0.02 L: 0.00 0.01 0.02 L: 0.00 0.01 0.02 L: 0.00 0.01 0.02 L: 0.05 0.10 0.23 B: 0.04 0.05 0.07 B: 0.04 0.05 0.07 B: 0.04 0.05 0.06 B: 0.04 0.05 0.06 B: 0.36 0.45 0.62 Y: 167 193 240 Y: 165 190 236 Y: 163 187 232 Y: 161 185 228 Y: 1580 1790 2113 Figure 9: Water balance per Lettuce crop. In = incoming irrigation water, Uptake = evapotranspired and evaporated water, Out = collected leachates a the end of the line. Figure 10: Water balance per Pepper crop. In = incoming irrigation water, Uptake = evapotranspired and evaporated water, Out = collected leachates a the end of the line. LCA Inventary for treatment 5 5 Per Treatment Per Plant Fertilizers Materials/assemblies 60,3% KPO4H2 Phosphate fertiliser, as P2O5 {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg 39,7% KPO4H2 Potassium fertiliser, as K2O {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg KNO3 Potassium nitrate {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 0.0048 kg K2SO4 Potassium sulfate, as K2O {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.0207 kg CaNO32 Calcium nitrate {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.0078 kg CaCl2 Calcium chloride {RER}| market for calcium chloride | Cut-off, S 0.0070 kg MgNO32 Magnesium oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.010 kg 50,7% Hortilon Iron sulfate {RER}| market for iron sulfate | Cut-off, S 0.00024 kg 23,6% Hortilon Magnesium oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.00011 kg 4,7% Hortilon Zinc monosulfate {RER}| market for zinc monosulfate | Cut-off, S 2.238E-5 kg 18,9% Hortilon Copper oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 9.002E-5 kg 2% Hortilon Molybdenite {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 9.526E-06 kg Sequestrene Iron sulfate {RER}| market for iron sulfate | Cut-off, S 0.00047 kg MgCL2/ NaOH Struvite 0.14 p Processes Fertilizer Transport Transport, van <3.5t/RER S 0.01 tkm Emissions to Air Ammonia 0.00012 kg Dinitrogen monoxide 0.0016 kg Nitrogen oxides 0.016 kg Emissions to Water Nitrogen 0.79 kg Phosphorous 0.022 kg Pesticides Materials/assemblies Spintor Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg 20% Potassium soap Potassium sulfate, as K2O {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0,04*0,2 kg Water, deionised, from tap water, at user {Europe without 80% Potassium Switzerland}| market for water, deionised, from tap water, at soap user | Cut-off, S 0,04*0,8 kg Costar Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg Wettable sulphur Sulfur {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg MeemAzal Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg Processes Pesticide Transport Transport, van <3.5t/RER S 0.02 tkm Struvite 1kg Materials/assemblies MgO Magnesium oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.4239 kg pH HCl 0.766 kg Sodium hydroxide, without water, in 50% solution state {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.039 kg Tap water, at user/RER S 0.189 kg Processes Elictricity Electricity, medium voltage {ES}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.523 kWh Transport Transport, van <3.5t/RER S 0.003 tkm LCA Inventary for treatment 10 10 Fertilizers Materials/assemblies KNO3 Potassium nitrate {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg 60,3% KPO4H2 Phosphate fertiliser, as P2O5 {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg K2SO4 Potassium sulfate, as K2O {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.0048 kg CaNO32 Calcium nitrate {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.0207 kg CaCl2 Calcium chloride {RER}| market for calcium chloride | Cut-off, S 0.0078 kg MgNO32 Magnesium oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.0070 kg 50,7% Hortilon Iron sulfate {RER}| market for iron sulfate | Cut-off, S 0.010 kg 23,6% Hortilon Magnesium oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.00024 kg 4,7% Hortilon Zinc monosulfate {RER}| market for zinc monosulfate | Cut-off, S 0.00011 kg 18,9% Hortilon Copper oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 2.238E-5 kg 2% Hortilon Molybdenite {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 9.002E-5 kg Sequestrene Iron sulfate {RER}| market for iron sulfate | Cut-off, S 9.526E-06 kg 39,7% KPO4H2 Potassium fertiliser, as K2O {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.00047 kg MgCL2/ NaOH Struvite 0.28 p Processes Fertilizer Transport Transport, van <3.5t/RER S 0.01 tkm Emissions to Air Ammonia 0.00012 kg Dinitrogen monoxide 0.032 kg Nitrogen oxides 0.0032 kg Emissions to Water Nitrogen 0.447 kg Phosphorous 0.028 kg Pesticides Materials/assemblies Spintor Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg 20% Potassium soap Potassium sulfate, as K2O {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0,04*0,2 kg Water, deionised, from tap water, at user {Europe without 80% Potassium Switzerland}| market for water, deionised, from tap water, at user | soap Cut-off, S 0,04*0,8 kg Costar Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg Wettable sulphur Sulfur {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg MeemAzal Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg Processes Pesticide Transport Transport, van <3.5t/RER S 0.02 tkm Struvite 1kg Materials/assemblies MgO Magnesium oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.4239 kg pH HCl 0.766 kg Sodium hydroxide, without water, in 50% solution state {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.039 kg Tap water, at user/RER S 0.189 kg Processes Elictricity Electricity, medium voltage {ES}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.523 kWh Transport Transport, van <3.5t/RER S 0.003 tkm LCA Inventary for treatment 20 20 Fertilizers Materials/assemblies 60,3% KPO4H2 Phosphate fertiliser, as P2O5 {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg 39,7% KPO4H2 Potassium fertiliser, as K2O {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg KNO3 Potassium nitrate {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.0048 kg K2SO4 Potassium sulfate, as K2O {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.0207 kg CaNO32 Calcium nitrate {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.0078 kg CaCl2 Calcium chloride {RER}| market for calcium chloride | Cut-off, S 0.0070 kg MgNO32 Magnesium oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.010 kg 50,7% Hortilon Iron sulfate {RER}| market for iron sulfate | Cut-off, S 0.00024 kg 23,6% Hortilon Magnesium oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.00011 kg 4,7% Hortilon Zinc monosulfate {RER}| market for zinc monosulfate | Cut-off, S 2.238E-5 kg 18,9% Hortilon Copper oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 9.002E-5 kg 2% Hortilon Molybdenite {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 9.526E-06 kg Sequestrene Iron sulfate {RER}| market for iron sulfate | Cut-off, S 0.00047 kg MgCL2/ NaOH Struvite 0.56 p Processes Fertilizer Transport Transport, van <3.5t/RER S 0.12415 tkm Emissions to Air Ammonia 0.00021888 kg Dinitrogen monoxide 0.000912 kg Nitrogen oxides 0.007296 kg Emissions to Water Nitrogen 0.0095 kg Phosphorous 0.085 kg Pesticides Materials/assemblies Spintor Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg 20% Potassium soap Potassium sulfate, as K2O {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0,04*0,2 kg Water, deionised, from tap water, at user {Europe without 80% Potassium Switzerland}| market for water, deionised, from tap water, at user | soap Cut-off, S 0,04*0,8 kg Costar Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg Wettable sulphur Sulfur {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg MeemAzal Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg Processes Pesticide Transport Transport, van <3.5t/RER S 0.02 tkm Struvite 1kg Materials/assemblies MgO Magnesium oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.4239 kg pH HCl 0.766 kg Sodium hydroxide, without water, in 50% solution state {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.039 kg Tap water, at user/RER S 0.189 kg Processes Elictricity Electricity, medium voltage {ES}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.523 kWh Transport Transport, van <3.5t/RER S 0.003 tkm Table 7: LCA Inventary for the Control treatment Control Fertilizers Materials/assemblies 60,3% KPO4H2 Phosphate fertiliser, as P2O5 {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.221 kg 39,7% KPO4H2 Potassium fertiliser, as K2O {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.145 kg KNO3 Potassium nitrate {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.21 kg K2SO4 Potassium sulfate, as K2O {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.59 kg CaNO32 Calcium nitrate {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.74 kg CaCl2 Calcium chloride {RER}| market for calcium chloride | Cut-off, S 0.23 kg MgNO32 Magnesium oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.382 kg 50,7% Hortilon Iron sulfate {RER}| market for iron sulfate | Cut-off, S 0.0111 kg 23,6% Hortilon Magnesium oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.005 kg 4,7% Hortilon Zinc monosulfate {RER}| market for zinc monosulfate | Cut-off, S 0.001 kg 18,9% Hortilon Copper oxide {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.004 kg 2% Hortilon Molybdenite {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0.00044 kg Sequestrene Iron sulfate {RER}| market for iron sulfate | Cut-off, S 0.022 kg Processes Fertilizer Transport Transport, van <3.5t/RER S 3.053572 tkm Emissions to Air Ammonia 0.0686 kg Dinitrogen monoxide 0.02859 kg Nitrogen oxides 0.00287 kg Emissions to Water Nitrogen 0.0206 kg Phosphorous 0.30 kg Pesticides Materials/assemblies Spintor Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg 20% Potassium soap Potassium sulfate, as K2O {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0,04*0,2 kg Water, deionised, from tap water, at user {Europe without 80% Potassium Switzerland}| market for water, deionised, from tap water, at user | soap Cut-off, S 0,04*0,8 kg Costar Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg Wettable sulphur Sulfur {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg MeemAzal Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Cut-off, S 0 kg Processes Pesticide Transport Transport, van <3.5t/RER S 0.02 tkm