195683d59b9b1becb8340453ca689b68 animals_a2022v12n6p688.pdf 9c3be0464acbeebe8069467319a68eaf700b7d3d animals_a2022v12n6p688.pdf 73271cb56e32892562b33391fa47591c0adc3148a0dc4fd3619576bc2cb81f67 animals_a2022v12n6p688.pdf Title: Ruminal Microbial Degradation of Individual Amino Acids from Heat-Treated Soyabean Meal and Corn Gluten Meal in Continuous Culture Subject: Eight dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used in three periods to study the effects of diets containing heat-treated soyabean meal (HSBM) or corn gluten meal (CGM) on ruminal microbial fermentation and the degradation of individual amino acids (AA). Treatments were a mix of non-protein nitrogen (N; urea and tryptone) that were progressively substituted (0, 33, 67 and 100%) for HSBM or CGM. Ruminal escape of AA was calculated with the slope ratio technique. Total volatile fatty acids (95.0 mM) and molar proportions (mol/100 mol) of acetate (59.3), propionate (21.8) and butyrate (10.5) were not affected by the treatments. As the level of HSBM or CGM increased, the concentration of ammonia-N and the degradation of protein decreased (p < 0.01), and the flows of nonammonia and dietary N increased (p < 0.01) quadratically. Compared with HSBM, CGM provided the highest flow (g/d) of total (20.6 vs. 18.3, p < 0.01), essential (9.04 vs. 8.25, p < 0.04) and nonessential (11.5 vs. 10.0, p < 0.01) AA, and increased linearly (p < 0.01) as the level of supplemental protein increased. Ruminal degradation of essential AA was higher (p < 0.04) than nonessential AA in CGM, but not in HSBM. Degradation of lysine was higher (p < 0.01) in both proteins, and degradation of methionine was higher in CGM. Ruminal degradation of individual AAs differ within and between protein sources and needs to be considered in precision feeding models. Keywords: soybean meal; corn glute meal; ruminal fermentation; amino acid Author: Silvia Gargallo, Alfred Ferret and Sergio Calsamiglia Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Mar 10 09:15:04 2022 CET ModDate: Thu Mar 10 09:21:02 2022 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 281682 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- CYNJMQ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 NYORAV+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 DEFNVJ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 CIQLLF+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 32 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 40 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 52 0 XEYJZU+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 77 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 84 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-04-06 02:39:35 CEST RepresentationInformation: animals_a2022v12n6p688.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-03-22 11:09:26 CET Size: 281682 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 319 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Diets and Treatments Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Continuous Culture System Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Sample Collection Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Chemical Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Calculations and Statistical Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Info: Title: Ruminal Microbial Degradation of Individual Amino Acids from Heat-Treated Soyabean Meal and Corn Gluten Meal in Continuous Culture Author: Silvia Gargallo, Alfred Ferret and Sergio Calsamiglia Subject: Eight dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used in three periods to study the effects of diets containing heat-treated soyabean meal (HSBM) or corn gluten meal (CGM) on ruminal microbial fermentation and the degradation of individual amino acids (AA). Treatments were a mix of non-protein nitrogen (N; urea and tryptone) that were progressively substituted (0, 33, 67 and 100%) for HSBM or CGM. Ruminal escape of AA was calculated with the slope ratio technique. Total volatile fatty acids (95.0 mM) and molar proportions (mol/100 mol) of acetate (59.3), propionate (21.8) and butyrate (10.5) were not affected by the treatments. As the level of HSBM or CGM increased, the concentration of ammonia-N and the degradation of protein decreased (p < 0.01), and the flows of nonammonia and dietary N increased (p < 0.01) quadratically. Compared with HSBM, CGM provided the highest flow (g/d) of total (20.6 vs. 18.3, p < 0.01), essential (9.04 vs. 8.25, p < 0.04) and nonessential (11.5 vs. 10.0, p < 0.01) AA, and increased linearly (p < 0.01) as the level of supplemental protein increased. Ruminal degradation of essential AA was higher (p < 0.04) than nonessential AA in CGM, but not in HSBM. Degradation of lysine was higher (p < 0.01) in both proteins, and degradation of methionine was higher in CGM. Ruminal degradation of individual AAs differ within and between protein sources and needs to be considered in precision feeding models. 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