826ebb84558f5e23b230b1336132777c forests_a2022v13n3p475.pdf c2b363719a29fa5a36e81844dc595ee555011c68 forests_a2022v13n3p475.pdf fee7ae38868dd83b9899916bd8e7126895a1fb7b2e5524324d066a8ff8eaedf6 forests_a2022v13n3p475.pdf Title: Driving Forces of Forest Expansion Dynamics across the Iberian Peninsula (1987–2017): A Spatio-Temporal Transect Subject: This study analyzes the spatio-temporal dynamics of the drivers of forest expansion in the Iberian Peninsula for the periods 1987–2002–2017 through a 185 km-wide north–south Landsat scene transect. The analysis has considered a variety of biogeographical regions [0–3500 m.a.s.l, annual rainfalls 150–2200 mm] and 30 explanatory variables. A rigorous map production at 30 m resolution, including detailed filtering methods and uncertainty management at pixel scale, provided high-quality land cover maps. The main forest expansion trajectories were related to explanatory variables using boosted regression trees. Proximity to previous forests was a key common factor for forest encroachment in all forest types, with other factors being distance to the hydrographic network, temperature and precipitation for broadleaf deciduous forests (BDF), precipitation, temperature and solar radiation for broadleaf evergreen forests (BEF) and precipitation, distance to province capitals, and solar radiation for needleleaf evergreen forests (NEFs). Results also showed contrasting forest expansion trajectories and drivers per biogeographic region, with a high dynamism of grasslands towards new forest in the Eurosiberian and the mountainous Mediterranean regions, a high importance of croplands as land cover origin of new forest in the Mesomediterranean, and increasing importance over time of socioeconomic drivers (such as those employed in the industry sector and the utilized agricultural area) in the Supramediterranean region but the opposite pattern in the Southern Mesomediterranean. Lower precipitation rates favored new NEFs from shrublands in the Thermomediterraean region which, together with the Northern Mesomediterranean, exhibited the highest relative rates of new forests. These findings provide reliable insights to develop policies considering the ecological and social impacts of land abandonment and subsequent forest expansion. Keywords: new forests; driving forces; land abandonment; boosted regression trees Author: Mario Padial-Iglesias, Miquel Ninyerola, Pere Serra, Òscar González-Guerrero, Josep Maria Espelta, Joan Pino and Xavier Pons Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Mar 21 06:51:33 2022 CET ModDate: Mon Mar 21 06:57:26 2022 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 33 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 7018046 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PCYOIF+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 USCZUZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 WUBQVY+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 SAVBMB+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 JHSTDT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C 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1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-03-25 12:37:00 CET Size: 7018046 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 816 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4923ab24 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Children: Item: Title: Study Area Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Methodological Framework Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Land Cover Map Production Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: New Forests’ Occurrence Extraction, Sampling on Each BR, and Filtering Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Land Cover Change Modeling Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Children: Item: Title: New Forests Occurrence over the Last Thirty Years Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Model Validation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: New Forests’ Main Drivers Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Children: Item: Title: Land Cover Change Locations Extraction and Sampling Strategies in theMethodological Framework Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Driving Forces Modeling Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Children: Item: Title: Drivers of Forestation from Croplands Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Drivers of Forestation from Grasslands Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Drivers of Forestation from Shrublands Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Answers to the Hypotheses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Future Research Lines Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Info: Title: Driving Forces of Forest Expansion Dynamics across the Iberian Peninsula (1987 2017): A Spatio-Temporal Transect Author: Mario Padial-Iglesias, Miquel Ninyerola, Pere Serra, Òscar González-Guerrero, Josep Maria Espelta, Joan Pino and Xavier Pons Subject: This study analyzes the spatio-temporal dynamics of the drivers of forest expansion in the Iberian Peninsula for the periods 1987 2002 2017 through a 185 km-wide north south Landsat scene transect. The analysis has considered a variety of biogeographical regions [0 3500 m.a.s.l, annual rainfalls 150 2200 mm] and 30 explanatory variables. A rigorous map production at 30 m resolution, including detailed filtering methods and uncertainty management at pixel scale, provided high-quality land cover maps. The main forest expansion trajectories were related to explanatory variables using boosted regression trees. Proximity to previous forests was a key common factor for forest encroachment in all forest types, with other factors being distance to the hydrographic network, temperature and precipitation for broadleaf deciduous forests (BDF), precipitation, temperature and solar radiation for broadleaf evergreen forests (BEF) and precipitation, distance to province capitals, and solar radiation for needleleaf evergreen forests (NEFs). Results also showed contrasting forest expansion trajectories and drivers per biogeographic region, with a high dynamism of grasslands towards new forest in the Eurosiberian and the mountainous Mediterranean regions, a high importance of croplands as land cover origin of new forest in the Mesomediterranean, and increasing importance over time of socioeconomic drivers (such as those employed in the industry sector and the utilized agricultural area) in the Supramediterranean region but the opposite pattern in the Southern Mesomediterranean. Lower precipitation rates favored new NEFs from shrublands in the Thermomediterraean region which, together with the Northern Mesomediterranean, exhibited the highest relative rates of new forests. These findings provide reliable insights to develop policies considering the ecological and social impacts of land abandonment and subsequent forest expansion. 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