40fe4fc11a173941c340cc1559140c69 geosciences-12-00158.pdf aba02b11cf77fe2d9c5c005b22daee3040dc29ff geosciences-12-00158.pdf c512c1cb57ea2f5134c18523c4b17f8d3fc7710b5ff25132fa4f08590ccda40d geosciences-12-00158.pdf Title: Evaluating the Existence of Vertebrate Deadfall Communities from the Early Jurassic Posidonienschiefer Formation Subject: Large vertebrate carcasses contain significant amounts of nutrients that upon death are transferred from the water column to the benthos, enriching the immediate environment. The organisms exploiting these ephemeral resources vary as the carcass decays, creating an ecological succession: mobile scavengers arrive first, followed by enrichment opportunists, sulfophilic taxa, and lastly reef species encrusting the exposed bones. Such communities have been postulated to subsist on the carcasses of Mesozoic marine vertebrates, but are rarely documented in the Jurassic. In particular, these communities are virtually unknown from the Early Jurassic, despite the occurrence of several productive fossil Lagerstätte that have produced thousands of vertebrate bones and skeletons. We review published occurrences and present new findings related to the development of deadfall communities in the Toarcian Posidonienschiefer Formation of southwestern Germany, focusing on the classic locality of Holzmaden. We report the presence of the mobile scavenger, enrichment opportunist, and reef stages, and found potential evidence for the poorly documented sulfophilic stage. Although rare in the Posidonienschiefer Formation, such communities do occur in association with exceptionally preserved vertebrate specimens, complementing a growing body of evidence that a temporarily oxygenated benthic environment does not preclude exceptional vertebrate fossil preservation. Keywords: Jurassic; Toarcian; Posidonienschiefer Formation; Ichthyosauria; fossil Lagerstätte; taphonomy Author: Erin E. Maxwell, Samuel L. A. Cooper, Eudald Mujal, Feiko Miedema, Giovanni Serafini and Günter Schweigert Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Apr 1 15:16:35 2022 CEST ModDate: Fri Apr 1 15:26:11 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 29 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 6470474 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- SXQPWE+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 WMWEUL+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 DUTFZT+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 UNJSSI+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 32 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 40 0 RLVYDH+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes 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6470474 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 795 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Background Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Previously Documented Associations from the Posidonienschiefer Formation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Children: Item: Title: Geological Context Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Survey and Documentation of Deadfall Assemblages Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Institutional Abbreviations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: SMNS 53363, Eurhinosaurus? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: SMNS 80234, Stenopterygius quadriscissus Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Children: Item: Title: Taphonomic History Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Faunal Association Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Interpretation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: SMNS 81841, Stenopterygius quadriscissus Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Children: Item: Title: Taphonomic History Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Macroinvertebrates Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Trace Fossils Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: Pyritization Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: Interpretation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: SMNS 81719, Stenopterygius uniter Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Children: Item: Title: Taphonomic History Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: Faunal Association Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: Trace Fossils Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Item: Title: Pyritization Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Item: Title: Interpretation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Item: Title: SMNS 80113, Stenopterygius triscissus Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612679d6 Children: Item: Title: Taphonomic History Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@11758f2a Item: Title: Macroinvertebrates Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@e720b71 Item: Title: Interpretation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1b26f7b2 Item: Title: Chondrites Associations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@491cc5c9 Children: Item: Title: SMNS 51144, Saurostomus esocinus Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@74ad1f1f Item: Title: SMNS 17500 and MHH 1981/25, Stenopterygius uniter; Holzmaden, II8 Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6a1aab78 Item: Title: Crustacean Associations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@462d5aee Item: Title: Microborings Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@69b0fd6f Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@757942a1 Children: Item: Title: Carcass Disarticulation and Taphonomy Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4a87761d Item: Title: Invertebrate Associations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@66d1af89 Item: Title: Comparison with Other Jurassic Deadfall Communities Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@8646db9 Item: Title: Jurassic Deadfall Assemblages: Limitations of Recent Analogues Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@37374a5e Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4671e53b Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@2db7a79b Info: Title: Evaluating the Existence of Vertebrate Deadfall Communities from the Early Jurassic Posidonienschiefer Formation Author: Erin E. Maxwell, Samuel L. A. Cooper, Eudald Mujal, Feiko Miedema, Giovanni Serafini and Günter Schweigert Subject: Large vertebrate carcasses contain significant amounts of nutrients that upon death are transferred from the water column to the benthos, enriching the immediate environment. The organisms exploiting these ephemeral resources vary as the carcass decays, creating an ecological succession: mobile scavengers arrive first, followed by enrichment opportunists, sulfophilic taxa, and lastly reef species encrusting the exposed bones. Such communities have been postulated to subsist on the carcasses of Mesozoic marine vertebrates, but are rarely documented in the Jurassic. In particular, these communities are virtually unknown from the Early Jurassic, despite the occurrence of several productive fossil Lagerstätte that have produced thousands of vertebrate bones and skeletons. We review published occurrences and present new findings related to the development of deadfall communities in the Toarcian Posidonienschiefer Formation of southwestern Germany, focusing on the classic locality of Holzmaden. We report the presence of the mobile scavenger, enrichment opportunist, and reef stages, and found potential evidence for the poorly documented sulfophilic stage. Although rare in the Posidonienschiefer Formation, such communities do occur in association with exceptionally preserved vertebrate specimens, complementing a growing body of evidence that a temporarily oxygenated benthic environment does not preclude exceptional vertebrate fossil preservation. 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