6b937bbb8c70acef430f98282b6146ac ijerph_a2022m2v19n5a2591.pdf e8f9d7c59b02887a448ee3ea285332df6097e771 ijerph_a2022m2v19n5a2591.pdf c5d1a474efdff3a0b2138a6e02db36b3f6d9177f7a23e59680604e828e1e1c1d ijerph_a2022m2v19n5a2591.pdf Title: The Inhaler Technique Questionnaire (InTeQ): Development and Validation of a Brief Patient-Reported Measure Subject: There is a need for instruments designed for patients with asthma to self-report their performance of inhaling steps. We aimed to develop an accessible and easy-to-use patient-reported tool for inhaler technique assessment, which could also serve as a training and monitoring resource for any type of inhaler device, and to evaluate its feasibility, validity, and reliability in adults with asthma. The development was based on literature review and pilot testing with clinicians and patients. The Inhaler Technique Questionnaire (InTeQ) asks about the frequency of performing five steps when using inhalers (on a five-point Likert scale). We analyzed data from adults with persistent asthma (n = 361). We examined the measurement model using Mokken scaling analysis, construct validity by assessing hypotheses on expected discrimination among known groups, and reliability based on internal consistency and reproducibility. Means of the InTeQ items were in the range of 0.23–1.61, and coefficients of homogeneity were above the cutoff point, demonstrating the unidimensionality of the scale. Known groups’ global score differences were statistically significant between patients reporting having “Discussed in detail” or having “Not discussed/Only in general” the inhaler technique with their healthcare providers (p = 0.023). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.716, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.775. The InTeQ is a feasible, valid, and reliable instrument for self-reporting inhaler technique on any type of device. Keywords: asthma; inhalation technique; measurement instruments; patient-reported outcomes Author: Catalina Lizano-Barrantes, Olatz Garin, Alexandra L. Dima, Eric van Ganse, Marijn de Bruin, Manon Belhassen, Karina Mayoral, Àngels Pont and Montse Ferrer Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Feb 25 03:02:58 2022 CET ModDate: Fri Feb 25 03:35:34 2022 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 984363 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PGPDYS+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 CATFPV+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 VEYJUX+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 HCKKMY+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 ZOBSAY+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 44 0 LWQXII+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 56 0 IRWHZX+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 59 0 LFLYLN+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 84 0 LWLIVD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 88 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 122 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-05-19 02:41:28 CEST RepresentationInformation: ijerph_a2022m2v19n5a2591.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-05-18 15:55:34 CEST Size: 984363 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 358 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4923ab24 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Children: Item: Title: Development of the Inhaler Technique Questionnaire (InTeQ) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Study Design and Participants Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Study Variables Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Analytical Strategy Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Info: Title: The Inhaler Technique Questionnaire (InTeQ): Development and Validation of a Brief Patient-Reported Measure Author: Catalina Lizano-Barrantes, Olatz Garin, Alexandra L. Dima, Eric van Ganse, Marijn de Bruin, Manon Belhassen, Karina Mayoral, Àngels Pont and Montse Ferrer Subject: There is a need for instruments designed for patients with asthma to self-report their performance of inhaling steps. We aimed to develop an accessible and easy-to-use patient-reported tool for inhaler technique assessment, which could also serve as a training and monitoring resource for any type of inhaler device, and to evaluate its feasibility, validity, and reliability in adults with asthma. The development was based on literature review and pilot testing with clinicians and patients. The Inhaler Technique Questionnaire (InTeQ) asks about the frequency of performing five steps when using inhalers (on a five-point Likert scale). We analyzed data from adults with persistent asthma (n = 361). We examined the measurement model using Mokken scaling analysis, construct validity by assessing hypotheses on expected discrimination among known groups, and reliability based on internal consistency and reproducibility. Means of the InTeQ items were in the range of 0.23 1.61, and coefficients of homogeneity were above the cutoff point, demonstrating the unidimensionality of the scale. Known groups’ global score differences were statistically significant between patients reporting having “Discussed in detail” or having “Not discussed/Only in general” the inhaler technique with their healthcare providers (p = 0.023). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.716, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.775. The InTeQ is a feasible, valid, and reliable instrument for self-reporting inhaler technique on any type of device. 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