a58d80409f1ee65f6ce88d884c4e8ba4 forests_a2022v13n5p755.pdf 123e1cab35bcc55407032bf25fa6e3d431f1049a forests_a2022v13n5p755.pdf d46f85653c553be575d591645c7f36c90ed4e07ee1237f4ec0335dbf0091b7ed forests_a2022v13n5p755.pdf Title: Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stoichiometry in Natural and Plantation Forests in China Subject: Ecological stoichiometry is essential for understanding the biogeochemical cycle in forest ecosystems. However, previous studies of ecological stoichiometry have rarely considered the impacts of forest origins, which could help explain why to date so much uncertainty has been reported on this subject. In this study, we tried to reduce this uncertainty by examining carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in roots, litter and soil in both natural and plantation forests throughout China. The sampled forest sites were divided into three groups according to the identified succession stages: early (ES), middle (MS) and late (LS) stages. Our results show that soil C, N and P concentrations were significantly higher in natural (NF) than in plantation (PL) forests. As succession/growth proceeded, P concentrations significantly increased in litter, roots and soil in NF, while the opposite occurred in PL. These results indicate that NF are able to use P more efficiently than PL, especially in the LS. Furthermore, the higher root N:P ratio indicates that the growth of PL was limited by P in both MS and LS. Our results also suggest that geographical and climatic factors are not the dominant factors in the differences in P between NF and PL, and, even more clearly and importantly, that native forests with native species are more capable of conserving P than planted forests, which are frequently less diverse and dominated by fast-growing non-site native species. These results will help improve biogeochemical models and forest management throughout the world. Keywords: C N P stoichiometry; natural forests; plantations; succession stage; climatic factors Author: Lin Li, Lei Liu, Zhen Yu, Josep Peñuelas, Jordi Sardans, Qifei Chen, Jiangbing Xu and Guoyi Zhou Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri May 13 14:12:03 2022 CEST ModDate: Fri May 13 15:38:15 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3834782 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- FCPWLZ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 LHNRYU+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 EZABIC+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 YTHXLH+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 HHBSSZ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 61 0 CLBPCB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 73 0 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yes no 400 0 CLBPDF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 403 0 CLCBMI+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 406 0 CLCDAD+TimesNewRoman,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 415 0 CLCKFH+Arial CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 418 0 CLBPCB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 424 0 CLBPCC+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 427 0 CLBPCD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 433 0 CLBPDF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 436 0 CLCBMI+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 439 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-07-09 02:37:36 CEST RepresentationInformation: forests_a2022v13n5p755.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-07-08 13:57:52 CEST Size: 3834782 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 671 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4923ab24 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Children: Item: Title: Samples and Measurement Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Climate Data Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Children: Item: Title: C, N and P Concentrations in Roots, Litter and Soil in Forests of Different Origins in China Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Relationships in C, N and P Concentrations and Ecological Stoichiometry in Roots, Litter and Soil in Different Forests Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Relationships in Determinants and C, N and P Concentrations and Ecological Stoichiometry in Roots, Litter and Soil between NF and PL Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: C, N and P Concentrations and Stoichiometry in Roots, Litter and Soil in Different Forests Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Factors Affecting C, N and P Concentrations and Their Stoichiometry in Different Succession Stages in NF and PL Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Appendix A Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Info: Title: Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stoichiometry in Natural and Plantation Forests in China Author: Lin Li, Lei Liu, Zhen Yu, Josep Peñuelas, Jordi Sardans, Qifei Chen, Jiangbing Xu and Guoyi Zhou Subject: Ecological stoichiometry is essential for understanding the biogeochemical cycle in forest ecosystems. However, previous studies of ecological stoichiometry have rarely considered the impacts of forest origins, which could help explain why to date so much uncertainty has been reported on this subject. In this study, we tried to reduce this uncertainty by examining carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in roots, litter and soil in both natural and plantation forests throughout China. The sampled forest sites were divided into three groups according to the identified succession stages: early (ES), middle (MS) and late (LS) stages. Our results show that soil C, N and P concentrations were significantly higher in natural (NF) than in plantation (PL) forests. As succession/growth proceeded, P concentrations significantly increased in litter, roots and soil in NF, while the opposite occurred in PL. These results indicate that NF are able to use P more efficiently than PL, especially in the LS. Furthermore, the higher root N:P ratio indicates that the growth of PL was limited by P in both MS and LS. Our results also suggest that geographical and climatic factors are not the dominant factors in the differences in P between NF and PL, and, even more clearly and importantly, that native forests with native species are more capable of conserving P than planted forests, which are frequently less diverse and dominated by fast-growing non-site native species. These results will help improve biogeochemical models and forest management throughout the world. 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