9c1217d5b4122812528ab4db7fe8a266 water_a2022v14n11p1754.pdf f2f05de111b410bb647cbbc4d9a9d193cc982282 water_a2022v14n11p1754.pdf 7a2f88bb610e996c8a6555f5d6523923960ccc55958fb14962067d2c98179ffe water_a2022v14n11p1754.pdf Title: Skin Mucus as a Relevant Low-Invasive Biological Matrix for the Measurement of an Acute Stress Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Subject: Skin mucus is a non-lethal and low-invasive matrix appropriate to assess fish welfare as it contributes to their defence against external aggressions and reflects changes in fish health status. However, more information on the response of this matrix to specific stressors is needed. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) specimens were subjected to an acute stress by air exposure and sampled after 1, 6, and 24 h post-stress. Blood and skin mucus were collected, and a battery of biochemical biomarkers were measured in both matrices. Cortisol and glucose values showed the expected classical stress response in plasma, increasing after the acute stress. The same pattern was observed in skin mucus, corroborating previous data in fish, and allowing us to confirm that skin mucus can be a useful complementary matrix for stress assessment in fish. The results showed sensitivity to hypoxic stress in skin mucus for cortisol, glucose, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine kinase (CK), and calcium. From the 15 parameters evaluated, 12 did not show statistically significant changes between plasma and mucus; therefore, using skin mucus cannot replace the use of plasma. Finally, the principal component analysis in skin mucus revealed a complete separation between the two experimental groups, being ALP, AST, glucose, cortisol, and CK, the biomarkers that contributed the most to this separation. Keywords: biomarkers; skin mucus; fish; acute stress; rainbow trout Author: Lorena Franco-Martinez, Irene Brandts, Felipe Reyes-López, Lluís Tort, Asta Tvarijonaviciute and Mariana Teles Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon May 30 11:15:51 2022 CEST ModDate: Mon May 30 11:19:14 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1365507 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YWWVQQ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 SZEXHS+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 SNNMBX+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 MVZVKW+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 BQLTYA+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 QFGBPA+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 FSIJLB+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 50 0 WTAUCZ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 75 0 CKBPVA+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 82 0 HITXWJ+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 93 0 HNXCWJ+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 97 0 GWGWIL+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 101 0 XIRVNA+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 110 0 HYYHEA+CMBSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 114 0 HITXWJ+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 134 0 HNXCWJ+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 138 0 GWGWIL+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 142 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-05 02:31:36 CEST RepresentationInformation: water_a2022v14n11p1754.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-06-20 15:08:20 CEST Size: 1365507 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 324 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Animals and Experimental Set-Up Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Blood and Skin Mucus Collection and Sample Preparation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Biochemical Measurements Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Data and Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Info: Title: Skin Mucus as a Relevant Low-Invasive Biological Matrix for the Measurement of an Acute Stress Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Author: Lorena Franco-Martinez, Irene Brandts, Felipe Reyes-López, Lluís Tort, Asta Tvarijonaviciute and Mariana Teles Subject: Skin mucus is a non-lethal and low-invasive matrix appropriate to assess fish welfare as it contributes to their defence against external aggressions and reflects changes in fish health status. However, more information on the response of this matrix to specific stressors is needed. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) specimens were subjected to an acute stress by air exposure and sampled after 1, 6, and 24 h post-stress. Blood and skin mucus were collected, and a battery of biochemical biomarkers were measured in both matrices. Cortisol and glucose values showed the expected classical stress response in plasma, increasing after the acute stress. The same pattern was observed in skin mucus, corroborating previous data in fish, and allowing us to confirm that skin mucus can be a useful complementary matrix for stress assessment in fish. The results showed sensitivity to hypoxic stress in skin mucus for cortisol, glucose, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine kinase (CK), and calcium. From the 15 parameters evaluated, 12 did not show statistically significant changes between plasma and mucus; therefore, using skin mucus cannot replace the use of plasma. Finally, the principal component analysis in skin mucus revealed a complete separation between the two experimental groups, being ALP, AST, glucose, cortisol, and CK, the biomarkers that contributed the most to this separation. 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