bc313172518a3c430cbdfbb782a91c21 land_a2022v11n6p840.pdf b27a043dd72a5c5940d6dacbd82fd0f6eaffbb57 land_a2022v11n6p840.pdf 041efed8d48216683a872e8eb00dec8ff9a504cdb79a40091db341cb5a078297 land_a2022v11n6p840.pdf Title: Impact of Soil Sealing on Soil Carbon Sequestration, Water Storage Potentials and Biomass Productivity in Functional Urban Areas of the European Union and the United Kingdom Subject: The negative impacts of soil sealing are numerous, from withdrawing fertile soil from biomass production to modifying the microclimate and decreasing biodiversity. Many of the processes are interrelated and propagate further undesirable consequences from local to global levels. Three issues are especially important from the viewpoint of multiscale ecological cycles and consequent environmental impacts. One is soil organic carbon (SOC), the other is soil water management and the third is biomass productivity. In this study, we assessed the lost carbon sequestration potential due to soil sealing in functional Urban Areas (FUAs) of Europe, the potential effect of soil sealing on the topsoil to hold water to its full capacity and the loss of biomass productivity potential. Findings revealed that one-fifth of the area of soil that became sealed between 2012 and 2018 was of high productivity potential, and almost two-thirds was of medium productivity potential. New soil sealing caused a loss of carbon sequestration potential estimated at 4 million tons of carbon of the FUAs and also caused an estimated potential loss of water-holding capacity of 668 million m3. Keywords: land degradation neutrality; land degradation; soil organic carbon; urban expansion; land take Author: Gergely Tóth, Eva Ivits, Gundula Prokop, Mirko Gregor, Jaume Fons Esteve, Roger Milego Agràs and Emanuele Mancosu Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Jun 6 09:55:42 2022 CEST ModDate: Mon Jun 6 10:22:01 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 5552845 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- DBCXOU+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 UFYOHA+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 QDFEGQ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 CVSFSJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 VQJIRC+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 42 0 KLPSQM+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 125 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-06-24 02:31:49 CEST RepresentationInformation: land_a2022v11n6p840.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-06-22 11:45:52 CEST Size: 5552845 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 296 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4923ab24 Item: Title: Method Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Sealing and Land Use Change Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Sealing of Productive Lands in FUAs Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Sealing and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Functional Urban Areas Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Sealing and Water Holding Capacity of Functional Urban Areas Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Appendix A Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Appendix B Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Info: Title: Impact of Soil Sealing on Soil Carbon Sequestration, Water Storage Potentials and Biomass Productivity in Functional Urban Areas of the European Union and the United Kingdom Author: Gergely Tóth, Eva Ivits, Gundula Prokop, Mirko Gregor, Jaume Fons Esteve, Roger Milego Agràs and Emanuele Mancosu Subject: The negative impacts of soil sealing are numerous, from withdrawing fertile soil from biomass production to modifying the microclimate and decreasing biodiversity. Many of the processes are interrelated and propagate further undesirable consequences from local to global levels. Three issues are especially important from the viewpoint of multiscale ecological cycles and consequent environmental impacts. One is soil organic carbon (SOC), the other is soil water management and the third is biomass productivity. In this study, we assessed the lost carbon sequestration potential due to soil sealing in functional Urban Areas (FUAs) of Europe, the potential effect of soil sealing on the topsoil to hold water to its full capacity and the loss of biomass productivity potential. Findings revealed that one-fifth of the area of soil that became sealed between 2012 and 2018 was of high productivity potential, and almost two-thirds was of medium productivity potential. New soil sealing caused a loss of carbon sequestration potential estimated at 4 million tons of carbon of the FUAs and also caused an estimated potential loss of water-holding capacity of 668 million m3. Keywords: land degradation neutrality; land degradation; soil organic carbon; urban expansion; land take Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Jun 06 09:55:42 CEST 2022 ModDate: Mon Jun 06 10:22:01 CEST 2022 ID: 0x097e445b88af0df87fbc9e510a13c0b6, 0x097e445b88af0df87fbc9e510a13c0b6 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: QDFEGQ+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 151 FontDescriptor: FontName: QDFEGQ+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: CVSFSJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 160 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: CVSFSJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: DBCXOU+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: DBCXOU+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: KLPSQM+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 146 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: KLPSQM+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: UFYOHA+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: UFYOHA+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 323, 152, 332 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 313, 78, 320 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 164, 96, 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 90, 154, 99 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 78, 147, 87 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 756, 123, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 756, 560, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 115, 642, 126, 655 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 311, 182, 318, 191 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 521, 170, 528, 179 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 261, 119, 268, 128 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 269, 119, 276, 128 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 354, 119, 361, 128 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 497, 119, 503, 128 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 241, 107, 248, 116 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 101, 17, 241, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 420, 17, 560, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 444, 87, 463 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 218, 723, 225, 732 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 497, 723, 504, 732 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 343, 710, 350, 719 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 512, 660, 523, 669 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 463, 647, 470, 657 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 187, 535, 194, 544 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 195, 535, 202, 544 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 535, 209, 544 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 210, 535, 222, 544 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 294, 535, 301, 544 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 535, 314, 544 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 535, 413, 544 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 414, 535, 426, 544 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 214, 497, 226, 506 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 545, 484, 556, 493 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 374, 447, 386, 456 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 389, 447, 401, 456 ActionDest: 132 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 474, 685, 486, 694 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 231, 620, 241, 632 ActionDest: 119 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 610, 220, 619 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 526, 607, 534, 619 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 307, 497, 319, 506 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 472, 329, 481 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 459, 556, 468 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 396, 225, 406 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 505, 233, 517, 242 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 208, 556, 217 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 524, 83, 536, 92 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 450, 70, 462, 79 ActionDest: 132 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 431, 723, 443, 732 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 267, 710, 279, 719 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 244, 472, 256, 481 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 368, 453, 380 ActionDest: 67 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 535, 170, 542, 182 ActionDest: 67 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 287, 69, 294, 81 ActionDest: 67 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 670, 526, 682 ActionDest: 73 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 201, 221, 208, 233 ActionDest: 79 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 357, 196, 364, 208 ActionDest: 79 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 527, 186, 539, 195 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 121, 310, 133 ActionDest: 79 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 182, 206, 194 ActionDest: 67 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 272, 169, 279, 181 ActionDest: 85 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 324, 207, 336 ActionDest: 91 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 312, 347, 324 ActionDest: 91 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 499, 123, 506, 135 ActionDest: 100 Page: Sequence: 8 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 198, 365, 205, 377 ActionDest: 100 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 433, 657, 440, 671 ActionDest: 109 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 434, 153, 446, 162 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 411, 128, 422, 137 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 423, 128, 435, 137 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 197, 115, 209, 124 ActionDest: 132 Page: Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 188, 698, 195, 707 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 217, 685, 229, 694 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 456, 673, 468, 682 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 471, 673, 483, 682 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 228, 660, 240, 669 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 241, 660, 253, 669 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 473, 660, 485, 669 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 296, 635, 307, 644 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 308, 635, 320, 644 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 623, 438, 631 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 353, 585, 365, 594 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 365, 585, 377, 594 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 377, 585, 389, 594 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 414, 459, 426, 468 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 447, 415, 456 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 422, 329, 431 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 384, 293, 393 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 311, 372, 323, 380 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 326, 371, 338, 380 ActionDest: 135 Page: Sequence: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 225, 704, 341, 715 Page: Sequence: 13 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 378, 388, 389, 396 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 458, 336, 560, 347 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 324, 230, 335 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 301, 313, 312 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 417, 289, 455, 300 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 256, 96, 266 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 102, 256, 138, 266 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 249, 233, 287, 243 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 306, 209, 344, 220 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 350, 209, 386, 220 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 187, 168, 197 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 254, 94, 291, 105 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 477, 71, 515, 82 Page: Sequence: 14 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 380, 722, 417, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 174, 699, 212, 710 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 420, 676, 457, 687 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 161, 630, 198, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 595, 486, 606 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 492, 595, 528, 606 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 572, 384, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 391, 572, 427, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 326, 560, 509, 571 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 491, 560, 502 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 458, 388, 560, 399 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 376, 347, 387 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 354, 96, 364 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 452, 330, 490, 341 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 496, 330, 532, 341 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 297, 142, 307 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 273, 273, 503, 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 190, 239, 227, 249 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 234, 239, 270, 249 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 289, 215, 326, 226 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 416, 192, 454, 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 367, 169, 405, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 140, 147, 177, 157 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 384, 123, 422, 134 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 101, 96, 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 188, 77, 226, 88 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 232, 77, 268, 88 Page: Sequence: 15 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 722, 132, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 138, 722, 174, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 653, 237, 664 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 254, 629, 291, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 163, 607, 200, 617 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 583, 485, 594 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 333, 560, 371, 571 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 287, 537, 325, 548 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 191, 514, 229, 525 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 291, 457, 329, 468 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 285, 445, 560, 456 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 434, 297, 445 Checksum: a743e527 Type: CRC32 Checksum: bc313172518a3c430cbdfbb782a91c21 Type: MD5 Checksum: b27a043dd72a5c5940d6dacbd82fd0f6eaffbb57 Type: SHA-1