d722f6a0119e9bd00496275db8372ace microorganisms_a2022v10n6p1214.pdf afcc4795a29602876f4848401ef4b22c520dd3f1 microorganisms_a2022v10n6p1214.pdf 885b6327ce9a5228cc58bb04d7b4a443596d9fc5aa056a25700c010d8513e2a0 microorganisms_a2022v10n6p1214.pdf Title: Prevalence and Genomic Diversity of Salmonella enterica Recovered from River Water in a Major Agricultural Region in Northwestern Mexico Subject: Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of human gastrointestinal disease worldwide. Given that Salmonella is persistent in aquatic environments, this study examined the prevalence, levels and genotypic diversity of Salmonella isolates recovered from major rivers in an important agricultural region in northwestern Mexico. During a 13-month period, a total of 143 river water samples were collected and subjected to size-exclusion ultrafiltration, followed by enrichment, and selective media for Salmonella isolation and quantitation. The recovered Salmonella isolates were examined by next-generation sequencing for genome characterization. Salmonella prevalence in river water was lower in the winter months (0.65 MPN/100 mL) and significantly higher in the summer months (13.98 MPN/100 mL), and a Poisson regression model indicated a negative effect of pH and salinity and a positive effect of river water temperature (p = 0.00) on Salmonella levels. Molecular subtyping revealed Oranienburg, Anatum and Saintpaul were the most predominant Salmonella serovars. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogeny revealed that the detected 27 distinct serovars from river water clustered in two major clades. Multiple nonsynonymous SNPs were detected in stiA, sivH, and ratA, genes required for Salmonella fitness and survival, and these findings identified relevant markers to potentially develop improved methods for characterizing this pathogen. Keywords: environmental microbiology; food safety; foodborne pathogen; genomics; river water; Salmonella; serovars; single nucleotide polymorphisms; ultrafiltration method Author: Irvin González-López, José Andrés Medrano-Félix, Nohelia Castro-del Campo, Osvaldo López-Cuevas, Jean Pierre González-Gómez, José Benigno Valdez-Torres, José Roberto Aguirre-Sánchez, Jaime Martínez-Urtaza, Bruno Gómez-Gil, Bertram G. Lee, Beatriz Quiñones and Cristóbal Chaidez Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Jun 14 10:50:05 2022 CEST ModDate: Tue Jun 14 11:10:10 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2197944 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- ZNOHUU+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 HAYYCM+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 JVIBJC+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 PQAYZV+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 UYTYJQ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 JYPLJJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 SIXRFS+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 50 0 VIWIOF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 76 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 83 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 87 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 91 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 95 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 109 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 124 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 128 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 132 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 152 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 156 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 160 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 164 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 179 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 183 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 187 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-05 02:31:13 CEST RepresentationInformation: microorganisms_a2022v10n6p1214.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-06-23 11:39:55 CEST Size: 2197944 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 467 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Collection of River Water at Locations in the Culiacan Valley, Northwestern Mexico Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Evaluation of Environmental and Water Parameters Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Ultrafiltration Process for River Water Samples Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Recovery and Characterization of S. enterica Isolates by Culturing, Biochemical and Molecular Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Genome Sequencing and Assembly of the Recovered S. enterica Isolates Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: In Silico Serotyping and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Recovered S. enterica Isolates Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Children: Item: Title: Salmonella Recovery from River Sampling Locations in the Culiacan Valley, Northwestern Mexico Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Effect of Environmental and Physicochemical Water Parameters on Salmonella Detection Levels Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Serovar Identification and Phylogenetic Relationships among the Recovered Salmonella Isolates from River Water in the Culiacan Valley Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Info: Title: Prevalence and Genomic Diversity of Salmonella enterica Recovered from River Water in a Major Agricultural Region in Northwestern Mexico Author: Irvin González-López, José Andrés Medrano-Félix, Nohelia Castro-del Campo, Osvaldo López-Cuevas, Jean Pierre González-Gómez, José Benigno Valdez-Torres, José Roberto Aguirre-Sánchez, Jaime Martínez-Urtaza, Bruno Gómez-Gil, Bertram G. Lee, Beatriz Quiñones and Cristóbal Chaidez Subject: Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of human gastrointestinal disease worldwide. Given that Salmonella is persistent in aquatic environments, this study examined the prevalence, levels and genotypic diversity of Salmonella isolates recovered from major rivers in an important agricultural region in northwestern Mexico. During a 13-month period, a total of 143 river water samples were collected and subjected to size-exclusion ultrafiltration, followed by enrichment, and selective media for Salmonella isolation and quantitation. The recovered Salmonella isolates were examined by next-generation sequencing for genome characterization. Salmonella prevalence in river water was lower in the winter months (0.65 MPN/100 mL) and significantly higher in the summer months (13.98 MPN/100 mL), and a Poisson regression model indicated a negative effect of pH and salinity and a positive effect of river water temperature (p = 0.00) on Salmonella levels. Molecular subtyping revealed Oranienburg, Anatum and Saintpaul were the most predominant Salmonella serovars. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogeny revealed that the detected 27 distinct serovars from river water clustered in two major clades. Multiple nonsynonymous SNPs were detected in stiA, sivH, and ratA, genes required for Salmonella fitness and survival, and these findings identified relevant markers to potentially develop improved methods for characterizing this pathogen. 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