799a55a3c38d73090f4927ad3a65e146 horticulturae_a2022v8n6p5511.pdf 177120eba6d9811d7b49fbc5f87cf95a4e3e50d9 horticulturae_a2022v8n6p5511.pdf cb55d8be5eb1ca58f6253c77d43eab22c68e2b1c0ca358ad74fd51ec066a3137 horticulturae_a2022v8n6p5511.pdf Title: Rhizosphere Acidification as the Main Trait Characterizing the Differential In Vitro Tolerance to Iron Chlorosis in Interspecific Pyrus Hybrids Subject: Physiological responses of different interspecific Pyrus hybrids and an open pollinated Pyrus communis ‘Williams’ (Pcw) grown under in vitro culture conditions simulating lime induced chlorosis were studied. The hybrids were derived from crosses between the ‘Pyriam’ pear rootstock and four Pyrus species of the Mediterranean region, namely P. amygdaliformis Vill. (Pa), P. amygdaliformis persica Bornme. (Pap), P. communis cordata (Desv.) Hook. (Pcc), and P. elaeagrifolia Pall (Pe), all known for their higher field tolerance to iron-chlorosis than P. communis. Twenty hybrids and one open pollinated Pcw were micropropagated, and plantlets were in vitro characterized for their physiological responses to iron-deficiency conditions. Rooted plantlets were transferred to a culture medium with 2 M Fe3+ DTPA and 10 or 20 mM NaHCO3. These physiological responses were scored at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days from the start of the in vitro assay. Leaf total chlorophyll content, the capacity of roots to acidify the medium, reduced iron, and exudates of phenolic acids and organic acids were analyzed in each media and time sample. Leaf chlorophyll levels for the clones derived from Pcc were the highest, especially under the highest bicarbonate concentration, followed by those derived from Pap and Pa. The higher chlorophyll content of Pcc clones were related with their higher capacity to acidify the media but not with their iron reduction capacity at the root level. On the other hand, hybrid clones derived from Pe showed a higher Fe3+ reduction ability than clones from all the other species during the whole assay but only when the bicarbonate concentration was lower. The exudation of phenolic acids by the roots was higher in Pcw than in the other species, and this response might explain why the total chlorophyll levels in Pcw clones are similar to those of Pe and Pa ones. These results with Pyrus spp. bring more evidence in support of the idea that iron reduction capacity at the root level is not directly related with a higher tolerance to iron deficiency caused by the high pH of calcareous soils. Instead, the ability to acidify the rhizosphere is the trait of choice for the selection of the pear hybrid clones better adapted to lime induced chlorosis. In addition, the in vitro assay to select the Pyrus clones for tolerance to iron chlorosis could be shortened to one week of culture in 10 mM NaHCO3, measuring the leaf chlorophyll level, acidification of the culture medium, and exudation of phenolic acids as the physiological responses to predict tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis. Keywords: in vitro culture; Pyrus spp.; iron chlorosis; pear rootstocks Author: Claudia Paola Mora-Córdova, Roser Tolrà, Rosa Padilla, Charlotte Poschenrieder, Marie-Helene Simard, Luis Asín, Pere Vilardell, Joan Bonany, Elisabet Claveria and Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sat Jun 18 15:43:37 2022 CEST ModDate: Sat Jun 18 15:48:45 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 4040884 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- SXQPWE+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 15 0 QAURAZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 GRWJJY+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 STGFLI+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 EOWYQJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 RSYDPD+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 36 0 IBFMBB+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 54 0 AXWEOY+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 79 0 PDBHIK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 89 0 PDBHIM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 92 0 PDBHIO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 95 0 PDBHIK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 116 0 PDBHIM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 119 0 PDBHIO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 122 0 PDBHIK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 141 0 PDBHIM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 144 0 PDBHIO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 PDBHIK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 166 0 PDBHIM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 169 0 PDBHIO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 172 0 PDBHIK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 192 0 PDBHIM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 195 0 PDBHIO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 198 0 PDBHIK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 218 0 PDBHIM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 221 0 PDBHIO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 224 0 PDBHIK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 244 0 PDBHIM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 247 0 PDBHIO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 250 0 PDBHIK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 268 0 PDBHIM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 271 0 PDBHIO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 274 0 PDBHIK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 293 0 PDBHIL+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 296 0 PDBHIM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 302 0 PDBHIO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 305 0 PDBHIK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 326 0 PDBHIM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 329 0 PDBHIO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 332 0 PDBHIK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 351 0 PDBHIM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 354 0 PDBHIO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 357 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-10 02:26:43 CEST RepresentationInformation: horticulturae_a2022v8n6p5511.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-06-28 11:33:07 CEST Size: 4040884 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 513 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Material and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Info: Title: Rhizosphere Acidification as the Main Trait Characterizing the Differential In Vitro Tolerance to Iron Chlorosis in Interspecific Pyrus Hybrids Author: Claudia Paola Mora-Córdova, Roser Tolrà, Rosa Padilla, Charlotte Poschenrieder, Marie-Helene Simard, Luis Asín, Pere Vilardell, Joan Bonany, Elisabet Claveria and Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan Subject: Physiological responses of different interspecific Pyrus hybrids and an open pollinated Pyrus communis ‘Williams’ (Pcw) grown under in vitro culture conditions simulating lime induced chlorosis were studied. The hybrids were derived from crosses between the ‘Pyriam’ pear rootstock and four Pyrus species of the Mediterranean region, namely P. amygdaliformis Vill. (Pa), P. amygdaliformis persica Bornme. (Pap), P. communis cordata (Desv.) Hook. (Pcc), and P. elaeagrifolia Pall (Pe), all known for their higher field tolerance to iron-chlorosis than P. communis. Twenty hybrids and one open pollinated Pcw were micropropagated, and plantlets were in vitro characterized for their physiological responses to iron-deficiency conditions. Rooted plantlets were transferred to a culture medium with 2 M Fe3+ DTPA and 10 or 20 mM NaHCO3. These physiological responses were scored at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days from the start of the in vitro assay. Leaf total chlorophyll content, the capacity of roots to acidify the medium, reduced iron, and exudates of phenolic acids and organic acids were analyzed in each media and time sample. Leaf chlorophyll levels for the clones derived from Pcc were the highest, especially under the highest bicarbonate concentration, followed by those derived from Pap and Pa. The higher chlorophyll content of Pcc clones were related with their higher capacity to acidify the media but not with their iron reduction capacity at the root level. On the other hand, hybrid clones derived from Pe showed a higher Fe3+ reduction ability than clones from all the other species during the whole assay but only when the bicarbonate concentration was lower. The exudation of phenolic acids by the roots was higher in Pcw than in the other species, and this response might explain why the total chlorophyll levels in Pcw clones are similar to those of Pe and Pa ones. These results with Pyrus spp. bring more evidence in support of the idea that iron reduction capacity at the root level is not directly related with a higher tolerance to iron deficiency caused by the high pH of calcareous soils. Instead, the ability to acidify the rhizosphere is the trait of choice for the selection of the pear hybrid clones better adapted to lime induced chlorosis. In addition, the in vitro assay to select the Pyrus clones for tolerance to iron chlorosis could be shortened to one week of culture in 10 mM NaHCO3, measuring the leaf chlorophyll level, acidification of the culture medium, and exudation of phenolic acids as the physiological responses to predict tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis. 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