0179cc327664da2f001d21a88bc1fd9e sustainability_14_08720.pdf caec079c4d2d579ec796e9ffb12839371e89613d sustainability_14_08720.pdf 0751f3aa934a123faf019bfbfbcca14454226d4b5bf88d1f3c76f93e5b83f16c sustainability_14_08720.pdf Title: Evaluation of Co-Composting as an Alternative for the Use of Agricultural Waste of Spring Onions, Chicken Manure and Bio-Waste Produced in Moorland Ecosystems Subject: Composting is an adequate method for treating and valorizing agricultural waste such as those from spring onion (SO) cultivation and chicken breeding (chicken manure–CM). However, the low content of Total Organic Carbon in the waste from SO and the high concentration of total nitrogen in CM are limitations for the composting process. This research studied the co-composting of SO and CM in a moorland ecosystem, together with locally available co-substrates such as biowaste (BW) and woodchips (WC), focusing on the effect of co-composting in process development and end-product quality. A pilot-scale experiment was carried out using three treatments in triplicated composting piles: (i) Treatment A: 43% CM + 41% BW + 16% WC; (ii) Treatment B: 52% CM + 32% SO + 16% WC, and (iii) Treatment C: 70% SO + 30% WC. Treatments A and B reached thermophilic temperatures after two days of the process start and remained at that level for 17 days. However, treatment B reached environmental temperature during curing in a shorter time (43 days) than treatment A (53 days). Treatment C did not achieve thermophilic temperatures. Tests carried out at the end of the process showed end-product stability and non-phytotoxic characteristics (germination indexes 80%). The fertility index of the products showed that treatments A and B presented values of 4.3 (over 5.0) while treatment C obtained a value of 2.5. From the perspective of agricultural use, products from the three treatments had limitations due to deficiencies in essential nutrients like phosphorus. Still, they had potential as a soil amendment for restoration processes. In summary, we have demonstrated that this waste, in combination with other organic materials, could be a good amendment for the composting process and the end product. Keywords: agricultural waste; composting; chicken manure; end-product quality; spring onions Author: Edgar Ricardo Oviedo-Ocaña, Angelica Hernández-Gómez, Isabel Dominguez, Brayan Alexis Parra-Orobio, Jonathan Soto-Paz and Antoni Sánchez Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sat Jul 16 12:40:46 2022 CEST ModDate: Sat Jul 16 12:55:48 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1239482 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- GFKJOY+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 LCNNIB+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 REHRTO+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 FJODBM+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 ENXZUH+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 IZBVAO+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 EYUVWZ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 68 0 CZKGAS+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 78 0 QQXUPP+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 XZVWCU+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 89 0 ABIHLG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 100 0 ABIHLI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 103 0 ABIHLK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 106 0 ABIHLG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 123 0 ABIHLI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 126 0 ABIHLK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 129 0 ABIHLG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 143 0 ABIHLI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 146 0 ABIHLK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 149 0 ABIMNO+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 152 0 ABIHLG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 176 0 ABIHLI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 179 0 ABIHLK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 182 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-06-27 03:31:06 CEST RepresentationInformation: sustainability_14_08720.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-06-26 13:42:31 CEST Size: 1239482 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 390 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Experimental Units Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Characterization of Substrates and Co-Substrates Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Analytical Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Monitoring of the Composting Process Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Analysis of End-Product Quality Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Statistical Processing Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: Process Monitoring Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: End Product Quality Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Appendix A Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Info: Title: Evaluation of Co-Composting as an Alternative for the Use of Agricultural Waste of Spring Onions, Chicken Manure and Bio-Waste Produced in Moorland Ecosystems Author: Edgar Ricardo Oviedo-Ocaña, Angelica Hernández-Gómez, Isabel Dominguez, Brayan Alexis Parra-Orobio, Jonathan Soto-Paz and Antoni Sánchez Subject: Composting is an adequate method for treating and valorizing agricultural waste such as those from spring onion (SO) cultivation and chicken breeding (chicken manure CM). However, the low content of Total Organic Carbon in the waste from SO and the high concentration of total nitrogen in CM are limitations for the composting process. This research studied the co-composting of SO and CM in a moorland ecosystem, together with locally available co-substrates such as biowaste (BW) and woodchips (WC), focusing on the effect of co-composting in process development and end-product quality. A pilot-scale experiment was carried out using three treatments in triplicated composting piles: (i) Treatment A: 43% CM + 41% BW + 16% WC; (ii) Treatment B: 52% CM + 32% SO + 16% WC, and (iii) Treatment C: 70% SO + 30% WC. Treatments A and B reached thermophilic temperatures after two days of the process start and remained at that level for 17 days. However, treatment B reached environmental temperature during curing in a shorter time (43 days) than treatment A (53 days). Treatment C did not achieve thermophilic temperatures. Tests carried out at the end of the process showed end-product stability and non-phytotoxic characteristics (germination indexes 80%). The fertility index of the products showed that treatments A and B presented values of 4.3 (over 5.0) while treatment C obtained a value of 2.5. From the perspective of agricultural use, products from the three treatments had limitations due to deficiencies in essential nutrients like phosphorus. Still, they had potential as a soil amendment for restoration processes. In summary, we have demonstrated that this waste, in combination with other organic materials, could be a good amendment for the composting process and the end product. 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