e04b8761a43806b9ef1e5a00ed8a91b9 ijerph-19-13676-v2.pdf d6d069ce40cb3c9dca7fd4dac965e9daf096f10f ijerph-19-13676-v2.pdf bd4a5c1927c8dbebca315b56db042e748fe55b96b23d4fd78f995ffdfd7f69c3 ijerph-19-13676-v2.pdf Title: Residential Proximity to Urban Play Spaces and Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Barcelona, Spain: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study Subject: Findings on the relationship between play spaces and childhood overweight and obesity are mixed and scarce. This study aimed to investigate the associations between residential proximity to play spaces and the risk of childhood overweight or obesity and potential effect modifiers. This longitudinal study included children living in the city of Barcelona identified in an electronic primary healthcare record database between 2011 and 2018 (N = 75,608). Overweight and obesity were defined according to the WHO standards and we used 300 m network buffers to assess residential proximity to play spaces. We calculated the risk of developing overweight or obesity using Cox proportional hazard models. A share of 29.4% of the study population developed overweight or obesity, but we did not find consistent associations between play space indicators and overweight or obesity. We did not find any consistent sign of effect modification by sex, and only some indications of the modifying role of area socioeconomic status and level of exposure. Although it is not possible to draw clear conclusions from our study, we call for cities to continue increasing and improving urban play spaces with an equitable, healthy, and child-friendly perspective. Keywords: urban health; built environment; childhood; overweight; obesity; body mass index; play space; playground; park Author: Nacho Sánchez-Valdivia, Carmen Pérez-del-Pulgar, Jeroen de Bont, Isabelle Anguelovski, Antonio López-Gay, Andrea Pistillo, Margarita Triguero-Mas and Talita Duarte-Salles Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Oct 24 03:59:10 2022 CEST ModDate: Thu Dec 15 13:05:54 2022 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595 x 842 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 473402 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- UYUWSX+Verdana TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 405 0 QHBMGE+Verdana-Italic TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 406 0 BKWQHY+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 RHKOBJ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 VEGAAV+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 MRUDBO+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 ZZTQUO+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 LWQXII+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 IRWHZX+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 49 0 PDTLUH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 80 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 87 0 CRUZTT+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 113 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-01-08 02:25:44 CET RepresentationInformation: ijerph-19-13676-v2.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-12-15 13:07:12 CET Size: 473402 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 420 FreeObjects: 2 IncrementalUpdates: 1 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Children: Item: Title: Design and Study Population Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Exposure Assessment: Residential Proximity to Play Spaces Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Outcome Assessment: Childhood Overweight and Obesity Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Covariates Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Children: Item: Title: Descriptive Statistics Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: Main Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Children: Item: Title: Inconsistent Relation between Residential Proximity to Place Spaces and Overweight and Obesity Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: A Need for a Better Understanding of Pathways Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Item: Title: Strengths, Limitations, and Future Research Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612679d6 Info: Title: Residential Proximity to Urban Play Spaces and Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Barcelona, Spain: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study Author: Nacho Sánchez-Valdivia, Carmen Pérez-del-Pulgar, Jeroen de Bont, Isabelle Anguelovski, Antonio López-Gay, Andrea Pistillo, Margarita Triguero-Mas and Talita Duarte-Salles Subject: Findings on the relationship between play spaces and childhood overweight and obesity are mixed and scarce. This study aimed to investigate the associations between residential proximity to play spaces and the risk of childhood overweight or obesity and potential effect modifiers. This longitudinal study included children living in the city of Barcelona identified in an electronic primary healthcare record database between 2011 and 2018 (N = 75,608). Overweight and obesity were defined according to the WHO standards and we used 300 m network buffers to assess residential proximity to play spaces. We calculated the risk of developing overweight or obesity using Cox proportional hazard models. A share of 29.4% of the study population developed overweight or obesity, but we did not find consistent associations between play space indicators and overweight or obesity. We did not find any consistent sign of effect modification by sex, and only some indications of the modifying role of area socioeconomic status and level of exposure. Although it is not possible to draw clear conclusions from our study, we call for cities to continue increasing and improving urban play spaces with an equitable, healthy, and child-friendly perspective. Keywords: urban health; built environment; childhood; overweight; obesity; body mass index; play space; playground; park Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Oct 24 03:59:10 CEST 2022 ModDate: Thu Dec 15 13:05:54 CET 2022 ID: 0x0fc42080b0c52c4c28ff520a5a72a291, 0x7d71fe21c2494e718d466ee455c52872 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: PDTLUH+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 21 LastChar: 21 FontDescriptor: FontName: PDTLUH+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: CRUZTT+VnURWPalladioL-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 189 LastChar: 189 FontDescriptor: FontName: CRUZTT+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: VEGAAV+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: VEGAAV+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 112 LastChar: 112 FontDescriptor: FontName: WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: MRUDBO+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 39 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: MRUDBO+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: BKWQHY+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 129 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: BKWQHY+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: ZZTQUO+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 161 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: ZZTQUO+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: RHKOBJ+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 134 FontDescriptor: FontName: RHKOBJ+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true TrueType: Font: BaseFont: UYUWSX+Verdana FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 211 FontDescriptor: FontName: UYUWSX+Verdana Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -560, -303, 1446, 1051 FontFile2: true Encoding: MacRomanEncoding Font: BaseFont: QHBMGE+Verdana-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 118 FontDescriptor: FontName: QHBMGE+Verdana-Italic Flags: Nonsymbolic, Italic FontBBox: -453, -303, 1461, 1051 FontFile2: true Encoding: MacRomanEncoding XMP: application/pdf Nacho Sánchez-Valdivia, Carmen Pérez-del-Pulgar, Jeroen de Bont, Isabelle Anguelovski, Antonio López-Gay, Andrea Pistillo, Margarita Triguero-Mas and Talita Duarte-Salles Findings on the relationship between play spaces and childhood overweight and obesity are mixed and scarce. This study aimed to investigate the associations between residential proximity to play spaces and the risk of childhood overweight or obesity and potential effect modifiers. This longitudinal study included children living in the city of Barcelona identified in an electronic primary healthcare record database between 2011 and 2018 (N = 75,608). Overweight and obesity were defined according to the WHO standards and we used 300 m network buffers to assess residential proximity to play spaces. We calculated the risk of developing overweight or obesity using Cox proportional hazard models. A share of 29.4% of the study population developed overweight or obesity, but we did not find consistent associations between play space indicators and overweight or obesity. We did not find any consistent sign of effect modification by sex, and only some indications of the modifying role of area socioeconomic status and level of exposure. Although it is not possible to draw clear conclusions from our study, we call for cities to continue increasing and improving urban play spaces with an equitable, healthy, and child-friendly perspective. 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