97526ee6a826c14bb4e1024223923a01 270340.pdf 07f2c5c0d73155a65676340b2bcef194526c7ab4 270340.pdf e1ad940f3b276dc860b3a430cd81a4aabc9a281f203b5c192acc616904dc2dfb 270340.pdf Title: Validation and Normative Data on the Verbal Fluency Test in a Peruvian Population Ranging from Pediatric to Elderly Individuals Subject: In neuropsychological evaluation, verbal fluency is a crucial measure of cognitive function, but this measure requires standardized and normative data for use. The present study aimed to obtain validation and normative data for the verbal fluency task in the Peruvian population, with participants ranging from 6 to 94 years and varying in age, educational level, and sex. We recruited 2602 healthy individuals and used linear regression analysis to determine the effect of age, sex, and educational level. We also evaluated internal consistency between categories and phonological tasks with Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson’s correlation analysis and calculated test-retest reliability after three months. We found significant effects of age, educational level, and sex on phonological and semantic fluency. Participants with more than 12 years of education had the highest scores overall. Regarding age, middle-aged participants (between 31 and 40 years old) had the highest scores; scores gradually decreased outside of this age range. Regarding sex, men performed better than women. These results will increase the ability of clinicians to precisely determine the degree to which verbal fluency is affected in patients of different ages and educational levels. Keywords: verbal fluency; normative; neurocognition; executive function; pediatric; elderly Author: Jonathan Adrián Zegarra-Valdivia, Brenda Chino and Carmen Noelia Paredes Manrique Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Nov 28 04:01:53 2022 CET ModDate: Mon Nov 28 05:27:02 2022 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 11 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 441741 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- AIQCCL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 BPTEJW+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 TFVYHZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 PFWQHZ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 TBKSBO+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 SLUQMQ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 EILUJF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 66 0 LOBPJC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 79 0 LOBPJD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 82 0 LOBPJE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 88 0 LOBPJG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 91 0 LWLIVD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 107 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 111 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-01-14 02:30:38 CET RepresentationInformation: 270340.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-01-13 15:55:44 CET Size: 441741 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 263 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4923ab24 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Children: Item: Title: Participants Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Testing Procedure Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Verbal Fluency Scoring Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Group Stratification Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Ethical Statement Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Info: Title: Validation and Normative Data on the Verbal Fluency Test in a Peruvian Population Ranging from Pediatric to Elderly Individuals Author: Jonathan Adrián Zegarra-Valdivia, Brenda Chino and Carmen Noelia Paredes Manrique Subject: In neuropsychological evaluation, verbal fluency is a crucial measure of cognitive function, but this measure requires standardized and normative data for use. The present study aimed to obtain validation and normative data for the verbal fluency task in the Peruvian population, with participants ranging from 6 to 94 years and varying in age, educational level, and sex. We recruited 2602 healthy individuals and used linear regression analysis to determine the effect of age, sex, and educational level. We also evaluated internal consistency between categories and phonological tasks with Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson’s correlation analysis and calculated test-retest reliability after three months. We found significant effects of age, educational level, and sex on phonological and semantic fluency. Participants with more than 12 years of education had the highest scores overall. Regarding age, middle-aged participants (between 31 and 40 years old) had the highest scores; scores gradually decreased outside of this age range. Regarding sex, men performed better than women. These results will increase the ability of clinicians to precisely determine the degree to which verbal fluency is affected in patients of different ages and educational levels. 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