32847d7d6a54f3052bfe4f7a71267c5a sustainability-14-14786-v2_1.pdf 6944fb2506a489fb578eeec151bbf0c7c3f4866c sustainability-14-14786-v2_1.pdf 45e3a7536a0e8570e311a6092b3648999201ef9f7ea8fc31d4b159305c2a4802 sustainability-14-14786-v2_1.pdf Title: From Decarbonization to Depopulation: An Emerging Challenge for the Carbon-Intensive Regions under the Energy Transition in Spain Subject: Since 1990, Spain has undergone a rapid decarbonization process focused on closing carbon-intensive facilities such as coal mines and coal-fired power plants and promoting renewable energy sources. These facilities have been the main source of income and employment in the regions where they were located, in addition to being a major source of carbon emissions. Their closure can have a huge impact on the socioeconomic and demographic composition of these carbon-intensive regions, damaging the social fabric and accelerating the process of depopulation. Based on a detailed analysis of policy documents and demographic data (from municipal registers and the 1991–2011 census), this article aims to: first identify and delineate the main carbon-intensive regions in Spain that are vulnerable to the negative impacts of the ongoing decarbonization process; second, examine the different policy responses and phases of the decarbonization process in Spain; and finally, examine the impact of the decarbonization process on the demographic (size, structure, and composition of the population) and socioeconomic configuration of the different carbon-intensive regions in Spain. Keywords: decarbonization; depopulation; carbon-intensive regions; energy transition policy; Spain Author: Nachatter Singh Garha Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Nov 16 10:23:52 2022 CET ModDate: Thu Feb 9 16:40:33 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 23 Encrypted: no Page size: 595 x 842 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 12985568 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- RNMCXP+Verdana-Bold TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 295 0 DDEUCQ+Verdana-Bold TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 296 0 XLDAOR+Verdana TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 297 0 NTZFKM+Verdana-Italic TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 298 0 OURSOR+Calibri TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 299 0 LMPSHW+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 VLPRXB+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 UQPOWJ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 IZBVAO+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 37 0 XYPWHM+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 54 0 JBTTSN+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 61 0 YWQWLZ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 75 0 UJUUJI+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 82 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-02-17 02:36:37 CET RepresentationInformation: sustainability-14-14786-v2_1.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-02-09 16:41:21 CET Size: 12985568 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 320 FreeObjects: 2 IncrementalUpdates: 1 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Data Sources and Methodology Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Carbon-Intensive Regions and Decarbonization Plans in Spain Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Children: Item: Title: Carbon-Intensive Regions in Spain Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Decarbonization of the Spanish Economy Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Demographic Change in Spain’s Carbon Intensive Regions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Children: Item: Title: Changes in Population Size, Structure, and Composition Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: Migration Pattern Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: Socio-Economic Profile Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Children: Item: Title: Income Profile Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: Education Level Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: Employment Status Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Item: Title: Occupational Sectors Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Item: Title: Concluding Remarks Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612679d6 Info: Title: From Decarbonization to Depopulation: An Emerging Challenge for the Carbon-Intensive Regions under the Energy Transition in Spain Author: Nachatter Singh Garha Subject: Since 1990, Spain has undergone a rapid decarbonization process focused on closing carbon-intensive facilities such as coal mines and coal-fired power plants and promoting renewable energy sources. These facilities have been the main source of income and employment in the regions where they were located, in addition to being a major source of carbon emissions. Their closure can have a huge impact on the socioeconomic and demographic composition of these carbon-intensive regions, damaging the social fabric and accelerating the process of depopulation. Based on a detailed analysis of policy documents and demographic data (from municipal registers and the 1991 2011 census), this article aims to: first identify and delineate the main carbon-intensive regions in Spain that are vulnerable to the negative impacts of the ongoing decarbonization process; second, examine the different policy responses and phases of the decarbonization process in Spain; and finally, examine the impact of the decarbonization process on the demographic (size, structure, and composition of the population) and socioeconomic configuration of the different carbon-intensive regions in Spain. Keywords: decarbonization; depopulation; carbon-intensive regions; energy transition policy; Spain Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Nov 16 10:23:52 CET 2022 ModDate: Thu Feb 09 16:40:33 CET 2023 ID: 0xa23aef6fd2c889ed1fc33b721e781f70, 0xd638616606dd47dbaa90822be6b2b27c Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: UJUUJI+PazoMath FontSubset: true FirstChar: 160 LastChar: 160 FontDescriptor: FontName: UJUUJI+PazoMath Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -283, 878, 946 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: UQPOWJ+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 241 FontDescriptor: FontName: UQPOWJ+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: XYPWHM+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 14 FontDescriptor: FontName: XYPWHM+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: LMPSHW+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: LMPSHW+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: YWQWLZ+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 129 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: YWQWLZ+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: JBTTSN+VnURWPalladioL-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 178 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: JBTTSN+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: VLPRXB+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: VLPRXB+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true TrueType: Font: BaseFont: RNMCXP+Verdana-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 146 FontDescriptor: FontName: RNMCXP+Verdana-Bold Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -550, -303, 1707, 1072 FontFile2: true Encoding: MacRomanEncoding Font: BaseFont: DDEUCQ+Verdana-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 32 FontDescriptor: FontName: DDEUCQ+Verdana-Bold Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -550, -303, 1707, 1072 FontFile2: true Encoding: MacRomanEncoding Font: BaseFont: XLDAOR+Verdana FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 211 FontDescriptor: FontName: XLDAOR+Verdana Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -560, -303, 1446, 1051 FontFile2: true Encoding: MacRomanEncoding Font: BaseFont: NTZFKM+Verdana-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 83 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: NTZFKM+Verdana-Italic Flags: Nonsymbolic, Italic FontBBox: -453, -303, 1461, 1051 FontFile2: true Encoding: MacRomanEncoding Font: BaseFont: OURSOR+Calibri FontSubset: true FirstChar: 33 LastChar: 33 FontDescriptor: FontName: OURSOR+Calibri Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -503, -313, 1240, 1026 FontFile2: true ToUnicode: true XMP: application/pdf Nachatter Singh Garha Since 1990, Spain has undergone a rapid decarbonization process focused on closing carbon-intensive facilities such as coal mines and coal-fired power plants and promoting renewable energy sources. These facilities have been the main source of income and employment in the regions where they were located, in addition to being a major source of carbon emissions. Their closure can have a huge impact on the socioeconomic and demographic composition of these carbon-intensive regions, damaging the social fabric and accelerating the process of depopulation. Based on a detailed analysis of policy documents and demographic data (from municipal registers and the 1991–2011 census), this article aims to: first identify and delineate the main carbon-intensive regions in Spain that are vulnerable to the negative impacts of the ongoing decarbonization process; second, examine the different policy responses and phases of the decarbonization process in Spain; and finally, examine the impact of the decarbonization process on the demographic (size, structure, and composition of the population) and socioeconomic configuration of the different carbon-intensive regions in Spain. 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