943bfe0d7bf2cd91a2621163b2353ac2 Min_a2022v12n3p368.pdf 23f1937a5da31690a8ec7c1a8a64f45642ad62bf Min_a2022v12n3p368.pdf c74ddccb4f06ca323a237b35709c9b2fff62335edf1f73237a1649d2deda163d Min_a2022v12n3p368.pdf Title: Colours of Gemmy Phosphates from the Gavà Neolithic Mines (Catalonia, Spain): Origin and Archaeological Significance Subject: In the Neolithic Gavà mines, variscite and turquoise were exploited for ornaments manufacturing, although some prospective pits and tunnels were dug on other similar greenish minerals such as smectite or kandite. A 3D study of the distribution of mineral phases allows us to determine the parameters involved in variscite colours. Methods are comprised of quantitative colourimetry, thin section petrography, SEM-BSE-EDS, EMPA, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry. Mapping of the mines indicates that colour is not directly dependent on depth. Although variscite from Gavà is poor in Cr3+ and V+3 compared with gemmy variscite from other localities, the deep green samples content has the highest values of Cr3+. In the case of cryptocrystalline mixtures with jarosite, phosphosiderite, or goethite, variscite tends to acquire a greenish brown to olivaceous hue. If white minerals such as quartz, kandite, crandallite, or alunite are involved in the mixtures, variscite and turquoise colours become paler. Keywords: colour; variscite; turquoise; phosphates; neolithic mines; Gavà Author: Yael Díaz-Acha, Marc Campeny, Lluís Casas, Roberta Di Febo, Jordi Ibañez-Insa, Tariq Jawhari, Josep Bosch, Ferran Borrell, Susana Esther Jorge-Villar, Jean-Marc Greneche, Esperança Tauler and Joan Carles Melgarejo Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Mar 17 13:05:52 2022 CET ModDate: Thu Mar 17 13:12:41 2022 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 27 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 6302031 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- OPSDNV+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 YXQMET+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 YNHBDS+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 EKVCZD+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 PYPZKK+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 44 0 OLQXYA+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 56 0 OJYQXC+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 78 0 TUYFLN+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 116 0 FYWQCL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 280 0 NMPTPD+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 284 0 PISJKP+PazoMath-Bold Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 288 0 TKJUHF+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 341 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-11-25 02:39:56 CET RepresentationInformation: Min_a2022v12n3p368.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-11-24 16:04:32 CET Size: 6302031 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 579 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: Geological Settings Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: Study Area Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Children: Item: Title: Can Tintorer Sector Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: Les Ferreres Sector Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Children: Item: Title: Samples Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Children: Item: Title: Mineral Samples Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Item: Title: Archaeological Samples Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612679d6 Item: Title: Analytical Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@11758f2a Children: Item: Title: Colourimetry Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@e720b71 Item: Title: X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1b26f7b2 Item: Title: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@491cc5c9 Item: Title: Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@74ad1f1f Item: Title: Raman Spectroscopy Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6a1aab78 Item: Title: 57Fe Mössbauer Spectrometry Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@462d5aee Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@69b0fd6f Children: Item: Title: Colourimetry Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@757942a1 Item: Title: X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4a87761d Item: Title: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@66d1af89 Item: Title: Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@8646db9 Item: Title: Raman Spectroscopy Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@37374a5e Item: Title: Mössbauer Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4671e53b Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@2db7a79b Children: Item: Title: Greenish Geological and Archaeological Samples: Mineralogy and Distribution Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6950e31 Item: Title: Green Colour in Variscite: Influence of the Chemical Composition Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@b7dd107 Item: Title: Green Colour in Variscite: Influence of Mineral Mixtures Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@42eca56e Item: Title: Variscite Vs. Turquoise by Colour Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@52f759d7 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7cbd213e Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@192d3247 Info: Title: Colours of Gemmy Phosphates from the Gavà Neolithic Mines (Catalonia, Spain): Origin and Archaeological Significance Author: Yael Díaz-Acha, Marc Campeny, Lluís Casas, Roberta Di Febo, Jordi Ibañez-Insa, Tariq Jawhari, Josep Bosch, Ferran Borrell, Susana Esther Jorge-Villar, Jean-Marc Greneche, Esperança Tauler and Joan Carles Melgarejo Subject: In the Neolithic Gavà mines, variscite and turquoise were exploited for ornaments manufacturing, although some prospective pits and tunnels were dug on other similar greenish minerals such as smectite or kandite. A 3D study of the distribution of mineral phases allows us to determine the parameters involved in variscite colours. Methods are comprised of quantitative colourimetry, thin section petrography, SEM-BSE-EDS, EMPA, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry. Mapping of the mines indicates that colour is not directly dependent on depth. Although variscite from Gavà is poor in Cr3+ and V+3 compared with gemmy variscite from other localities, the deep green samples content has the highest values of Cr3+. In the case of cryptocrystalline mixtures with jarosite, phosphosiderite, or goethite, variscite tends to acquire a greenish brown to olivaceous hue. If white minerals such as quartz, kandite, crandallite, or alunite are involved in the mixtures, variscite and turquoise colours become paler. 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