358a0905c777cecb3a65fa53355804e8 CleTec_a2022v4n4p972.pdf 97346af926a99b4bcc46df0ddde033edd283ccc4 CleTec_a2022v4n4p972.pdf ecc6a2b3c6eef257ab9f4c6e0134e9796b3901124d697c99ed543e30bd785633 CleTec_a2022v4n4p972.pdf Title: Impact of Battery Energy System Integration in Frequency Control of an Electrical Grid with Wind Power Subject: The rapid increase in the integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid is posing new challenges for the dynamic responses due to the global inertia reduction. In this regard, the impact on frequency stability of such reduction and the potential support from wind power have been investigated lately. However, it is well-known that the variability of wind power and its reduced inertia may not be enough to handle the power unbalance. Energy storage systems (e.g., batteries) may provide the required additional flexibility to ensure proper response. In this paper, an analysis of how the different control loops for frequency support on wind power and batteries interact and perform is presented. To gain insights from the different impacts, a sensitivity analysis comparison for frequency regulation through (i) inertia and droop control of a variable speed wind turbine and (ii) battery is performed. The analysis was carried out through simulations using the well-known 4 generator 2-area model adapted to include a wind farm. From a battery perspective, its ramping capabilities were varied to provide frequency regulation. The paper shows how, depending on the control parameters and battery size, the frequency response may even become unstable due to interactions of the various pieces of technology. Thus, it shows that coordinated actions, control optimization and grid status among different actors on the grid (as battery and wind) is required for stable operation. Keywords: wind power plant; frequency regulation; battery energy storage system; droop control; inertia control; control interaction Author: Anukriti Pokhriyal, José Luis Domínguez-García, Pedro Gómez-Romero Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Oct 10 03:44:56 2022 CEST ModDate: Mon Oct 10 03:52:57 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 11347286 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- SQHYVQ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 PDBJIE+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 MGBDSE+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 27 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 31 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 35 0 KBYETB+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 47 0 PFRBRX+TeX-matha10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 69 0 QCZXUC+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 76 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 83 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-04-18 02:27:03 CEST RepresentationInformation: CleTec_a2022v4n4p972.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-04-17 17:05:56 CEST Size: 11347286 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 268 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Case Study and Sensitivity Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Children: Item: Title: Case I: No Frequency Control Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Case II: Inertia and Droop Control Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Case III: Battery Control Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Case IV: Inertia, Droop and Battery Control Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Info: Title: Impact of Battery Energy System Integration in Frequency Control of an Electrical Grid with Wind Power Author: Anukriti Pokhriyal, José Luis Domínguez-García, Pedro Gómez-Romero Subject: The rapid increase in the integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid is posing new challenges for the dynamic responses due to the global inertia reduction. In this regard, the impact on frequency stability of such reduction and the potential support from wind power have been investigated lately. However, it is well-known that the variability of wind power and its reduced inertia may not be enough to handle the power unbalance. Energy storage systems (e.g., batteries) may provide the required additional flexibility to ensure proper response. In this paper, an analysis of how the different control loops for frequency support on wind power and batteries interact and perform is presented. To gain insights from the different impacts, a sensitivity analysis comparison for frequency regulation through (i) inertia and droop control of a variable speed wind turbine and (ii) battery is performed. The analysis was carried out through simulations using the well-known 4 generator 2-area model adapted to include a wind farm. From a battery perspective, its ramping capabilities were varied to provide frequency regulation. The paper shows how, depending on the control parameters and battery size, the frequency response may even become unstable due to interactions of the various pieces of technology. Thus, it shows that coordinated actions, control optimization and grid status among different actors on the grid (as battery and wind) is required for stable operation. Keywords: wind power plant; frequency regulation; battery energy storage system; droop control; inertia control; control interaction Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Oct 10 03:44:56 CEST 2022 ModDate: Mon Oct 10 03:52:57 CEST 2022 ID: 0xab0e4dc79920856bcc01a094900091f3, 0xab0e4dc79920856bcc01a094900091f3 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 951 ImageHeight: 325 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1275 ImageHeight: 590 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3423 ImageHeight: 2391 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3423 ImageHeight: 2391 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3216 ImageHeight: 2461 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3216 ImageHeight: 2461 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3423 ImageHeight: 2391 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3423 ImageHeight: 2391 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3216 ImageHeight: 2461 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3216 ImageHeight: 2461 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3423 ImageHeight: 2391 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3216 ImageHeight: 2461 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3423 ImageHeight: 2391 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3423 ImageHeight: 2391 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3216 ImageHeight: 2461 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3216 ImageHeight: 2461 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 3423 ImageHeight: 2391 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: MGBDSE+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 44 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: MGBDSE+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: MPUDFL+PazoMath FontSubset: true FirstChar: 68 LastChar: 68 FontDescriptor: FontName: MPUDFL+PazoMath Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -283, 878, 946 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: PFRBRX+TeX-matha10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 164 FontDescriptor: FontName: PFRBRX+TeX-matha10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -127, -970, 966, 914 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: SQHYVQ+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: SQHYVQ+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: QCZXUC+PazoMath-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 119 LastChar: 119 FontDescriptor: FontName: QCZXUC+PazoMath-Italic Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -70, -277, 902, 733 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: PDBJIE+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: PDBJIE+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 89, 323, 152, 332 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 312, 126, 320 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 164, 96, 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 90, 154, 99 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 78, 147, 87 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 756, 150, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 756, 560, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 658, 424, 672 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 315, 200, 322, 209 ActionDest: 129 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 467, 175, 474, 184 ActionDest: 129 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 137, 358, 146 ActionDest: 129 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 143, 17, 308, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 392, 17, 560, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 408, 86, 427 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 331, 618, 338, 627 ActionDest: 129 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 211, 593, 218, 602 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 593, 228, 602 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 531, 581, 543, 590 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 581, 556, 590 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 203, 543, 215, 552 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 218, 543, 230, 552 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 289, 543, 300, 552 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 439, 468, 451, 477 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 493, 430, 505, 439 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 504, 380, 516, 389 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 470, 204, 482, 213 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 481, 116, 493, 125 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 496, 116, 508, 125 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 487, 79, 499, 88 ActionDest: 132 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 428, 635, 440, 644 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 443, 635, 454, 644 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 510, 635, 522, 644 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 597, 500, 606 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 572, 225, 581 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 513, 560, 525, 569 ActionDest: 132 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 333, 535, 345, 544 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 192, 459, 204, 468 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 205, 459, 217, 468 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 220, 459, 232, 468 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 157, 460, 166 ActionDest: 135 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 476, 606, 483, 618 ActionDest: 80 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 268, 452, 280 ActionDest: 80 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 456, 271, 468, 280 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 468, 271, 480, 280 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 483, 271, 495, 280 ActionDest: 135 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 394, 642, 401, 654 ActionDest: 88 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 642, 454, 654 ActionDest: 88 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 419, 147, 426, 159 ActionDest: 92 Page: Sequence: 6 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 216, 592, 223, 604 ActionDest: 98 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 273, 592, 280, 604 ActionDest: 102 Page: Sequence: 8 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 435, 579, 442, 591 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 579, 495, 591 ActionDest: 113 Page: Sequence: 10 Page: Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 355, 683, 362, 695 ActionDest: 118 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 683, 420, 695 ActionDest: 124 Page: Sequence: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 331, 190, 338, 202 ActionDest: 102 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 90, 220, 102 ActionDest: 113 Page: Sequence: 13 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 283, 723, 295, 732 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 184, 710, 196, 719 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 710, 211, 719 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 378, 698, 390, 707 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 390, 698, 402, 707 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 490, 685, 501, 694 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 539, 607, 547, 619 ActionDest: 124 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 463, 572, 475, 581 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 211, 147, 248, 157 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 465, 135, 560, 146 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 123, 410, 134 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 158, 66, 195, 77 Page: Sequence: 14 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 323, 722, 360, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 699, 557, 710 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 311, 676, 348, 687 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 300, 653, 337, 664 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 349, 629, 386, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 465, 606, 502, 617 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 220, 572, 257, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 538, 96, 548 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 93, 503, 130, 514 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 254, 480, 291, 491 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 224, 457, 262, 468 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 259, 434, 296, 445 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 392, 411, 429, 422 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 279, 376, 316, 387 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 306, 353, 343, 364 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 331, 146, 341 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 423, 307, 461, 318 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 127, 285, 164, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 262, 146, 272 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 228, 96, 238 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 471, 204, 508, 215 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 193, 100, 231, 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 77, 396, 88 Page: Sequence: 15 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 711, 96, 721 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 310, 687, 347, 698 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 664, 553, 675 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 432, 641, 469, 652 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 307, 618, 344, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 584, 96, 594 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 561, 168, 571 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 171, 538, 208, 548 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 504, 96, 514 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 391, 480, 429, 491 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 457, 341, 468 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 434, 277, 445 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 400, 96, 410 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 365, 293, 376 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 383, 342, 421, 353 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 355, 319, 393, 330 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 307, 557, 318 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 128, 284, 166, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 251, 96, 261 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 197, 227, 234, 238 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 305, 204, 342, 215 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 323, 181, 360, 192 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 147, 159, 184, 169 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 135, 451, 146 Checksum: 9d40d16f Type: CRC32 Checksum: 358a0905c777cecb3a65fa53355804e8 Type: MD5 Checksum: 97346af926a99b4bcc46df0ddde033edd283ccc4 Type: SHA-1