9447bb27b95c898a096ba259cb9568ea Hort_a2022v8n6p501iENG.pdf c9e64d5ed56a7e355928a09b22d5a0c9648dac69 Hort_a2022v8n6p501iENG.pdf 4c441dee2ca9fb65fc87faa1014b6ed6de988e92b6deacb8f114ddad42b0dfe9 Hort_a2022v8n6p501iENG.pdf Title: Evaluation of Fungicides and Application Strategies for the Management of the Red Leaf Blotch Disease of Almond Subject: Red leaf blotch (RLB) of almond, caused by Polystigma amygdalinum, is an important foliar disease of this nut tree in the Mediterranean basin and especially in Spain. In recent years, the control of this disease has become a key factor in the management of Spanish almond orchards. The management of RLB is not easy due to intrinsic factors of the disease (e.g., long infection and latency periods) and the low number of registered fungicides in this country. From 2015 to 2019, different field trials were conducted in the Lleida region, NE Spain, to evaluate the efficacy of several fungicide products and of application strategies to control this disease. Systemic fungicides, which included fluopyram, trifloxystrobin, and mixtures of fluopyram + trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin + boscalid, performed better than contact and penetrant products and showed up to 90% control against RLB. However, the efficacy of the tested fungicides varied depending on the year. In terms of application strategies, when fungicide applications were conducted following specific meteorological conditions (after 15 days from >15 mm rainfalls with 10–15 C as the minimum average temperature), their efficacy was comparable to that of calendar-based treatments (every 14, 21, or 31 days from petal fall) but with fewer applications (depending on the year, 2–4 applications as compared with 5–9 for calendar treatments). Keywords: almond; disease management; fungicide; Polystigma amygdalinum; Prunus dulcis; red leaf blotch disease Author: Laura Torguet, Lourdes Zazurca, Guillem Martínez, Gemma Pons-Solé, Jordi Luque and Xavier Miarnau Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Jul 14 09:39:48 2023 CEST ModDate: Fri Jul 14 13:44:41 2023 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1652915 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- LSJMTM+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 GAFFQS+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 UUBOLZ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 GRHGZC+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 23 0 YSPQJI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 27 0 IBFMBB+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 MEJHZL+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 68 0 CKBPVA+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 84 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 96 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 100 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 104 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 108 0 ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi no no no 116 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 127 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 131 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 135 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 139 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 155 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 159 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 163 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 167 0 VPSNSA+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 185 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-07-19 02:37:22 CEST RepresentationInformation: Hort_a2022v8n6p501iENG.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-07-18 14:19:02 CEST Size: 1652915 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 352 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Experimental Plots Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Fungicide Products Application Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Experimental Trials Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Children: Item: Title: Fungicide Selection Trials Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Application Strategies Trials Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Disease Assessment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Children: Item: Title: Fungicide Selection Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Application Strategies Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Info: Title: Evaluation of Fungicides and Application Strategies for the Management of the Red Leaf Blotch Disease of Almond Author: Laura Torguet, Lourdes Zazurca, Guillem Martínez, Gemma Pons-Solé, Jordi Luque and Xavier Miarnau Subject: Red leaf blotch (RLB) of almond, caused by Polystigma amygdalinum, is an important foliar disease of this nut tree in the Mediterranean basin and especially in Spain. In recent years, the control of this disease has become a key factor in the management of Spanish almond orchards. The management of RLB is not easy due to intrinsic factors of the disease (e.g., long infection and latency periods) and the low number of registered fungicides in this country. From 2015 to 2019, different field trials were conducted in the Lleida region, NE Spain, to evaluate the efficacy of several fungicide products and of application strategies to control this disease. Systemic fungicides, which included fluopyram, trifloxystrobin, and mixtures of fluopyram + trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin + boscalid, performed better than contact and penetrant products and showed up to 90% control against RLB. However, the efficacy of the tested fungicides varied depending on the year. In terms of application strategies, when fungicide applications were conducted following specific meteorological conditions (after 15 days from >15 mm rainfalls with 10 15 C as the minimum average temperature), their efficacy was comparable to that of calendar-based treatments (every 14, 21, or 31 days from petal fall) but with fewer applications (depending on the year, 2 4 applications as compared with 5 9 for calendar treatments). 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