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Title:          Bone Health in Adults With Prader–Willi Syndrome: Clinical Recommendations Based on a Multicenter Cohort Study
Subject:        DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac556; The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 108, 1, 2022-9-23.; Abstract:  Context: Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare complex genetic syndrome, characterized by delayed psychomotor development, hypotonia, and hyperphagia. Hormone deficiencies such as hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, and growth hormone deficiency are common. The combination of hypotonia, low physical activity, and hypogonadism might lead to a decrease in bone mass and increase in fracture risk. Moreover, one would expect an increased risk of scoliosis due to hypotonia and low physical activity. Objective: To study the prevalence and risk factors for skeletal problems (reduced bone mineral density, fractures, and scoliosis) in adults with PWS. Methods: We retrospectively collected patient characteristics, medical history, medication, biochemical measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans, and spinal X-rays and reviewed the current literature. Results: We included 354 adul
Keywords:       Prader–Willi syndrome; osteoporosis; bone density; human growth hormone; hormone replacement therapy; scoliosis
Author:         Denise H. van Abswoude
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      Title: Bone Health in Adults With Prader Willi Syndrome: Clinical Recommendations Based on a Multicenter Cohort Study
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        Title: Materials and Methods
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          Title: Literature Review
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          Title: Data Analysis
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        Title: Results
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         Item: 
          Title: Baseline Characteristics
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         Item: 
          Title: Osteoporosis
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         Item: 
          Title: Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
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          Title: Fractures
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          Title: Scoliosis
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        Title: Results of the Literature Review
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         Item: 
          Title: Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Density
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          Title: Growth Hormone Treatment in Relation to Bone Health
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          Title: Vitamin D Levels and Bone Markers and Bone-related Factors
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          Title: Scoliosis
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            Title: Clinical Recommendations
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            Title: Recommendation 1: Optimizing Calcium and Vitamin D Intake
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            Title: Recommendation 2: Optimizing Physical Activity
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            Title: Recommendation 3: Avoidance of Unnecessary Corticosteroid use in Central Adrenal Insufficiency
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           Item: 
            Title: Recommendation 4: Yearly Screening for (and Treatment of) Hypogonadism
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           Item: 
            Title: Recommendation 5: Yearly Screening for Hyperthyroidism and Primary Hyperparathyroidism
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           Item: 
            Title: Recommendation 6: Extra Caution in Patients Using Psychotropic Medication
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           Item: 
            Title: Recommendation 7: Cessation of Smoking and Alcohol use
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           Item: 
            Title: Awareness of High Pain Threshold and Intellectual Disability
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           Item: 
            Title: Yearly Screening for Scoliosis and Other Orthopedic Conditions
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           Item: 
            Title: Strengths and Limitations
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        Title: Conclusion
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        Title: Acknowledgments
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        Title: Author Contributions
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        Title: Data Availability
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       Item: 
        Title: References
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    Title: Bone Health in Adults With Prader Willi Syndrome: Clinical Recommendations Based on a Multicenter Cohort Study
    Author: Denise H. van Abswoude
    Subject: DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac556; The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 108, 1, 2022-9-23.; Abstract:  Context: Prader Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare complex genetic syndrome, characterized by delayed psychomotor development, hypotonia, and hyperphagia. Hormone deficiencies such as hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, and growth hormone deficiency are common. The combination of hypotonia, low physical activity, and hypogonadism might lead to a decrease in bone mass and increase in fracture risk. Moreover, one would expect an increased risk of scoliosis due to hypotonia and low physical activity. Objective: To study the prevalence and risk factors for skeletal problems (reduced bone mineral density, fractures, and scoliosis) in adults with PWS. Methods: We retrospectively collected patient characteristics, medical history, medication, biochemical measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans, and spinal X-rays and reviewed the current literature. Results: We included 354 adul
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               <rdf:li>Kirsten Davidse</rdf:li>
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  Checksum: 1c6a0f2e
   Type: CRC32
  Checksum: ef695de87d56f9fb3f8ef481dc0fcf01
   Type: MD5
  Checksum: 5320cae91228806856b4f4b29ccff58e28df7a0a
   Type: SHA-1