7963eb332547318af8eacb8547f7c9a8 284194.pdf 2202d8c86697ba8ee237f24bfc25e3a9d7f21acd 284194.pdf 4ffef3017b59c8afbfab6ae29decee0527157715a12dbb24236f3084660289da 284194.pdf Title: Effectiveness of the Modification of Sewers to Reduce the Reproduction of Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus in Barcelona, Spain Subject: Mosquitoes breeding in urban sewage infrastructure are both a source of nuisance to the local population and a public health risk, given that biting mosquitoes can transmit pathogenic organisms to humans. The increasing presence of the invasive mosquito species Aedes albopictus in European cities has further exacerbated the problems already caused by native Culex pipiens. We tested the effectiveness of modifications to sewage structures as an alternative to the use of biocides to prevent mosquito breeding. The placing of a layer of concrete at the bottom of sand sewers to prevent water accumulation completely eliminated mosquito reproduction, and so eliminates the need for biocides in modified structures. Sewer modification is thus a valid low-cost alternative for mosquito control. Keywords: mosquito control; Aedes albopictus; Culex pipiens; integrated mosquito management; manipulation of mosquito habitat; invasive Aedes Author: Tomas Montalvo, Agustin Higueros, Andrea Valsecchi, Elisenda Realp, Cristina Vila, Alejandro Ortiz, Víctor Peracho and Jordi Figuerola Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Mar 31 08:55:49 2022 CEST ModDate: Thu Mar 31 08:57:19 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 7 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 860327 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JRXZLC+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 JGTHJE+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 FUPMCP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 GSQBBU+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 QVCLCS+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 44 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 48 0 UXHOAG+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 61 0 LGTZLE+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 86 0 PDCPHC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 95 0 PDCPHE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 98 0 PDCPHG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 101 0 PDDAHC+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 104 0 PDCPHC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 122 0 PDCPHE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 125 0 PDCPHG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 128 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2023-12-05 02:34:43 CET RepresentationInformation: 284194.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-12-04 13:30:50 CET Size: 860327 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 210 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Reduction of Sand Sewer Availability for Mosquitoes Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: References Destination: figure.caption.4 Info: Title: Effectiveness of the Modification of Sewers to Reduce the Reproduction of Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus in Barcelona, Spain Author: Tomas Montalvo, Agustin Higueros, Andrea Valsecchi, Elisenda Realp, Cristina Vila, Alejandro Ortiz, Víctor Peracho and Jordi Figuerola Subject: Mosquitoes breeding in urban sewage infrastructure are both a source of nuisance to the local population and a public health risk, given that biting mosquitoes can transmit pathogenic organisms to humans. The increasing presence of the invasive mosquito species Aedes albopictus in European cities has further exacerbated the problems already caused by native Culex pipiens. We tested the effectiveness of modifications to sewage structures as an alternative to the use of biocides to prevent mosquito breeding. The placing of a layer of concrete at the bottom of sand sewers to prevent water accumulation completely eliminated mosquito reproduction, and so eliminates the need for biocides in modified structures. Sewer modification is thus a valid low-cost alternative for mosquito control. 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