c4049d0da38f62fb3a28efe5322cb1a8 biomedicines-10-01137.pdf 375fac839b1f71494111a3b051944a06d614c052 biomedicines-10-01137.pdf 904a2081a9f0862e0eef19663990c31edb43b57c04ba7af29eec67299c875c12 biomedicines-10-01137.pdf Title: Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Patients with Alcohol and/or Cocaine Use Disorders and Their Association with Psychiatric Comorbidity and Sex Subject: (1) Background: Co-occurrence of mental and substance use disorders (SUD) is prevalent, but complicates their clinical courses, and specific biomarkers are required. Amino acids are altered in primary mental disorders; however, little is known about SUD and psychiatric comorbidity. Because most psychiatric disorders and biomarkers show sex differences, we investigated amino acids in men and women with alcohol and/or cocaine use disorders (AUD and/or CUD) and psychiatric comorbidity. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 295 participants, who were divided into four groups (AUD, n = 60; CUD, n = 41; AUD + CUD, n = 64; and control, n = 130). Participants were clinically assessed, and plasma amino acid concentrations were analyzed in relation to sex, diagnosis of SUD and psychiatric comorbidity (3) Results: In the total sample, there were sex differences, and women showed lower Iso, Leu, Gln and Glu than men. While patients with CUD and AUD + CUD had higher Glu, Gly, Orn and Ser than controls, patients with AUD showed no differences. In SUD, patients with psychiatric comorbidity had lower Orn and higher Ala than non-comorbid patients in the AUD group. (4) Conclusions: There was a dysregulation of plasma amino acids in abstinent patients with SUD. However, our results suggest the importance of considering the clinical characteristics and sex in the validity of amino acids as potential biomarkers for SUD. Keywords: abstinence; alcohol use disorder; amino acids; biomarker; CE-LIF; cocaine use disorder; cross-sectional study; PRISM; psychiatric comorbidity; sex Author: Nuria García-Marchena, Alberto Marcos, María Flores-López, Mario Moreno-Fernández, Nerea Requena-Ocaña, Oscar Porras-Perales, Sandra Torres-Galván, Pedro Araos, Antonia Serrano, Roberto Muga, Juan Jesús Ruiz-Ruiz, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, Emilio Ambrosio and Francisco Javier Pavón-Morón Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri May 27 02:33:36 2022 CEST ModDate: Fri May 27 02:38:30 2022 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 20 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1902651 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- EEWQBJ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 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MKBFJF+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 162 0 MKBFJH+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 165 0 MKBFJI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 168 0 MKBFJJ+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 174 0 MKBFJF+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 192 0 MKBFJH+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 195 0 MKBFJJ+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 198 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-06-20 02:41:19 CEST RepresentationInformation: biomedicines-10-01137.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-06-19 14:56:48 CEST Size: 1902651 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 481 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Ethical Statement Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Recruitment and Participants Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Eligibility Criteria Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Clinical Assessment Destination: subsection.2.4 Children: Item: Title: Patients with Substance Use Disorders Destination: subsubsection.2.4.1 Item: Title: Control Subjects Destination: subsubsection.2.4.2 Item: Title: Blood Collection, Plasma Extraction and Rapid Detection Tests for Infections Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Quantification of Amino Acids Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.7 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Sociodemographic Characteristics in the Sample Groups Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Amino Acids in the Sample Groups Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Amino Acids in Relation to Sex and Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder Destination: subsection.3.3 Children: Item: Title: Age and Body Mass Index as Covariates Destination: subsubsection.3.3.1 Item: Title: Sex Destination: subsubsection.3.3.2 Item: Title: Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder Destination: subsubsection.3.3.3 Item: Title: Amino Acids and Variables Related to Substance Use Disorder Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Amino Acids and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Substance Use Disorders Destination: subsection.3.5 Children: Item: Title: Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidity Destination: subsubsection.3.5.1 Item: Title: Amino Acids in Patients with Psychiatric Comorbidity Destination: subsubsection.3.5.2 Item: Title: Amino Acids in Relation to Sex and Psychiatric Comorbidity Destination: subsection.3.6 Children: Item: Title: Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder Destination: subsubsection.3.6.1 Item: Title: Patients with Cocaine Use Disorder Destination: subsubsection.3.6.2 Item: Title: Patients with Alcohol and Cocaine Use Disorders Destination: subsubsection.3.6.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Age and Body Mass Index Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Sex Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Substance Use Disorder Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Psychiatric Comorbidity Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Limitations and Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Patients with Alcohol and/or Cocaine Use Disorders and Their Association with Psychiatric Comorbidity and Sex Author: Nuria García-Marchena, Alberto Marcos, María Flores-López, Mario Moreno-Fernández, Nerea Requena-Ocaña, Oscar Porras-Perales, Sandra Torres-Galván, Pedro Araos, Antonia Serrano, Roberto Muga, Juan Jesús Ruiz-Ruiz, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, Emilio Ambrosio and Francisco Javier Pavón-Morón Subject: (1) Background: Co-occurrence of mental and substance use disorders (SUD) is prevalent, but complicates their clinical courses, and specific biomarkers are required. Amino acids are altered in primary mental disorders; however, little is known about SUD and psychiatric comorbidity. Because most psychiatric disorders and biomarkers show sex differences, we investigated amino acids in men and women with alcohol and/or cocaine use disorders (AUD and/or CUD) and psychiatric comorbidity. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 295 participants, who were divided into four groups (AUD, n = 60; CUD, n = 41; AUD + CUD, n = 64; and control, n = 130). Participants were clinically assessed, and plasma amino acid concentrations were analyzed in relation to sex, diagnosis of SUD and psychiatric comorbidity (3) Results: In the total sample, there were sex differences, and women showed lower Iso, Leu, Gln and Glu than men. While patients with CUD and AUD + CUD had higher Glu, Gly, Orn and Ser than controls, patients with AUD showed no differences. In SUD, patients with psychiatric comorbidity had lower Orn and higher Ala than non-comorbid patients in the AUD group. (4) Conclusions: There was a dysregulation of plasma amino acids in abstinent patients with SUD. However, our results suggest the importance of considering the clinical characteristics and sex in the validity of amino acids as potential biomarkers for SUD. 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