59dc82e4f37ed02665a0f93d73797cac antibiotics-11-00485.pdf aa9c1d6d635f644296247f2b40fac0c137530970 antibiotics-11-00485.pdf 6bac69e485941ca8559455670b50fb9146e81e2a38f2644340c86e8c871b7807 antibiotics-11-00485.pdf Title: Detection and Prevalence of Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium in Badalona, Spain Subject: Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance (MLr/FQr) in Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infections is concerning worldwide. Current guidelines recommend performing MLr detection in MG-positive cases to adjust antimicrobial therapy. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of PCR followed by pyrosequencing for MLr detection in comparison with a one-step commercial assay and to assess the prevalence of MLr and FQr in Badalona, Spain. A total of 415 MG-positive samples by Allplex STI-7 (Seegene) were analyzed for MLr detection by pyrosequencing. From those, 179 samples were further analyzed for MG and MLr by ResistancePlus® MG kit (SpeeDx) and 100 of them also for fluoroquinolone resistance (FQr) by sequencing the parC gene. Regarding MG detection, Allplex and Resistance Plus® showed an overall agreement of 87%, but this value rose to 95.4% if we compare them for MLr detection. Prevalence of MLr was 23.1% in Badalona, but this rate increased to 73.7% in the HIV-positive patients cohort. FQr detection showed 3% of resistant strains. Pyrosequencing is a convenient and cheap technique for MLr detection, but one-step tools should be considered in high-throughput laboratories. Despite the fact that MLr remained moderate and FQr was low in our study, simultaneous MG and MLr detection would improve patient’s management applying resistance-guided treatment strategies. Keywords: Mycoplasma genitalium; macrolide; fluoroquinolone; resistance; Spain Author: Belén Rivaya, Chloé Le Roy, Elena Jordana-Lluch, Gema Fernández-Rivas, Cristina Casañ, Victoria González, Jun Hao Wang-Wang, Cécile Bébéar, Lurdes Matas and Sabine Pereyre Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Apr 5 12:57:53 2022 CEST ModDate: Tue Apr 5 13:13:47 2022 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 10 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 767750 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- XQKSOB+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 UXBVWZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 BTUNQD+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 SIGNQJ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 VHPSRI+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 GIFXFT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 44 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 48 0 YYFPCJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 61 0 FABGNA+Arial,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 111 0 FABCBE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 117 0 FABCBG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 120 0 FABCCI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 123 0 FABDIC+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 126 0 FABDJC+Arial CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 129 0 FABCBE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 156 0 FABCBG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 159 0 FABCCI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 162 0 VIWIOF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 169 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 179 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-02-12 02:44:25 CET RepresentationInformation: antibiotics-11-00485.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-02-11 18:32:26 CET Size: 767750 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 349 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Demographic Data and Clinical Findings Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Detection of Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Study Setting, Patients and Sample Collection, and Study Design Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Clinical and Microbiological Data Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Diagnosis of Mycoplasma genitalium Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Detection Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Detection and Prevalence of Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium in Badalona, Spain Author: Belén Rivaya, Chloé Le Roy, Elena Jordana-Lluch, Gema Fernández-Rivas, Cristina Casañ, Victoria González, Jun Hao Wang-Wang, Cécile Bébéar, Lurdes Matas and Sabine Pereyre Subject: Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance (MLr/FQr) in Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infections is concerning worldwide. Current guidelines recommend performing MLr detection in MG-positive cases to adjust antimicrobial therapy. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of PCR followed by pyrosequencing for MLr detection in comparison with a one-step commercial assay and to assess the prevalence of MLr and FQr in Badalona, Spain. A total of 415 MG-positive samples by Allplex STI-7 (Seegene) were analyzed for MLr detection by pyrosequencing. From those, 179 samples were further analyzed for MG and MLr by ResistancePlus® MG kit (SpeeDx) and 100 of them also for fluoroquinolone resistance (FQr) by sequencing the parC gene. Regarding MG detection, Allplex and Resistance Plus® showed an overall agreement of 87%, but this value rose to 95.4% if we compare them for MLr detection. Prevalence of MLr was 23.1% in Badalona, but this rate increased to 73.7% in the HIV-positive patients cohort. FQr detection showed 3% of resistant strains. Pyrosequencing is a convenient and cheap technique for MLr detection, but one-step tools should be considered in high-throughput laboratories. Despite the fact that MLr remained moderate and FQr was low in our study, simultaneous MG and MLr detection would improve patient’s management applying resistance-guided treatment strategies. Keywords: Mycoplasma genitalium; macrolide; fluoroquinolone; resistance; Spain Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Apr 05 12:57:53 CEST 2022 ModDate: Tue Apr 05 13:13:47 CEST 2022 ID: 0xf0df10189cdda37882771a1923f8ebc3, 0xf0df10189cdda37882771a1923f8ebc3 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: GIFXFT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 161 LastChar: 178 FontDescriptor: FontName: GIFXFT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: OVNEXW+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 22 LastChar: 22 FontDescriptor: FontName: OVNEXW+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: BTUNQD+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 241 FontDescriptor: FontName: BTUNQD+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: SIGNQJ+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: SIGNQJ+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: VIWIOF+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 48 FontDescriptor: FontName: VIWIOF+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: XQKSOB+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 146 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: XQKSOB+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: VHPSRI+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 77 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: VHPSRI+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: UXBVWZ+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 241 FontDescriptor: FontName: UXBVWZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 335, 152, 344 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 325, 96, 332 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 164, 96, 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 90, 154, 99 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 78, 147, 87 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 756, 167, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 756, 560, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 188, 660, 199, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 261, 648, 272, 661 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 350, 648, 361, 661 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 648, 560, 661 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 399, 102, 406, 111 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 370, 90, 377, 99 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 120, 17, 281, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 400, 17, 560, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 456, 86, 475 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 224, 735, 231, 744 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 527, 648, 534, 657 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 311, 623, 318, 631 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 438, 610, 445, 619 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 446, 610, 453, 619 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 373, 597, 380, 606 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 244, 572, 251, 581 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 423, 535, 430, 544 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 398, 484, 405, 493 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 406, 484, 413, 493 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 472, 277, 481 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 447, 268, 456 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 319, 409, 331, 418 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 250, 396, 262, 406 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 397, 275, 406 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 371, 220, 380 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 223, 371, 235, 380 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 262, 194, 269, 204 ActionDest: 83 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 406, 129, 413, 141 ActionDest: 83 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 444, 116, 451, 128 ActionDest: 144 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 239, 62, 246, 74 ActionDest: 144 Page: Sequence: 4 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 560, 556, 568 ActionDest: 183 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 327, 522, 339, 531 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 309, 509, 321, 518 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 399, 509, 411, 518 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 408, 497, 420, 506 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 423, 497, 435, 506 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 217, 421, 229, 430 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 271, 384, 283, 393 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 536, 384, 543, 393 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 384, 555, 393 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 270, 346, 282, 355 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 282, 346, 294, 355 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 333, 283, 345, 292 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 409, 107, 421, 117 ActionDest: 189 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 710, 332, 719 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 511, 635, 523, 644 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 486, 547, 498, 556 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 501, 547, 513, 556 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 424, 535, 436, 544 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 296, 522, 308, 531 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 440, 497, 452, 506 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 523, 484, 535, 493 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 369, 472, 381, 481 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 447, 518, 456 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 305, 409, 317, 418 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 440, 334, 452, 343 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 452, 334, 464, 343 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 465, 334, 477, 343 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 477, 334, 489, 343 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 372, 309, 384, 318 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 477, 271, 489, 280 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 489, 271, 501, 280 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 312, 208, 324, 217 ActionDest: 186 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 373, 710, 385, 719 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 491, 607, 498, 619 ActionDest: 83 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 536, 494, 543, 506 ActionDest: 144 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 336, 358, 348, 367 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 321, 345, 327, 354 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 545, 283, 557, 292 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 300, 257, 312, 267 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 322, 207, 329, 216 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 282, 69, 294, 78 ActionDest: 189 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 246, 723, 258, 732 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 214, 610, 226, 619 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 226, 610, 238, 619 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 127, 133, 137 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 314, 103, 352, 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 223, 81, 261, 91 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 267, 81, 303, 91 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 322, 722, 360, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 366, 722, 402, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 158, 688, 196, 698 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 688, 238, 698 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 207, 665, 244, 675 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 250, 665, 286, 675 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 630, 96, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 514, 606, 552, 617 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 573, 141, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 549, 451, 560 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 395, 526, 432, 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 99, 492, 137, 502 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 143, 492, 179, 502 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 457, 503, 468 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 510, 457, 546, 468 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 434, 557, 445 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 423, 95, 433 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 316, 388, 354, 399 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 360, 388, 396, 399 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 365, 376, 376 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 331, 133, 341 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 297, 96, 307 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 260, 273, 297, 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 239, 132, 249 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 316, 204, 354, 215 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 170, 96, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 102, 170, 138, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 152, 136, 189, 146 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 195, 136, 231, 146 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 182, 101, 219, 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 226, 101, 262, 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 67, 96, 77 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 176, 722, 213, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 361, 688, 399, 698 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 405, 688, 441, 698 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 140, 653, 177, 664 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 184, 653, 220, 664 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 171, 619, 209, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 349, 595, 387, 606 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 434, 572, 471, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 477, 572, 514, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 219, 549, 257, 560 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 549, 299, 560 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 526, 492, 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 526, 534, 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 463, 503, 500, 514 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 469, 133, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 139, 469, 175, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 293, 434, 331, 445 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 337, 434, 373, 445 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 480, 411, 518, 422 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 485, 388, 522, 399 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 354, 365, 391, 376 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 361, 342, 399, 353 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 405, 342, 441, 353 Checksum: 96198b53 Type: CRC32 Checksum: 59dc82e4f37ed02665a0f93d73797cac Type: MD5 Checksum: aa9c1d6d635f644296247f2b40fac0c137530970 Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 6bac69e485941ca8559455670b50fb9146e81e2a38f2644340c86e8c871b7807 Type: SHA-256