7a0edde90cc99ee29fa0c453dfd70a9f  Psicothema.pdf
ccad4150e960120f1d6c9f4ef17d3a15c55361a3  Psicothema.pdf
9dac3be4c28b867dd3ebc5daa0d25e3778486e124f9ffd7911e5a577a6bc9fe3  Psicothema.pdf

Title:           Intracranial Self-Stimulation and Memory in Rats: A Sistematic Review
Subject:         Background: Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) is a technique by which rats press a lever to stimulate their brains through an electrode chronically implanted in brain reward areas. Currently only two laboratories in the world, one in India and one in Spain, are intensively studying the effect of this kind of deep brain stimulation on learning and memory. This paper will present the main findings. Methods: Different groups of young and old healthy and brain-damaged rats with electrodes implanted in the medial forebrain bundle received a treatment of ICSS after being trained in several paradigms of implicit and explicit learning. Memory was tested over short and long-term periods. Structural and molecular post-mortem analyses of their brains were examined in relation to memory results. Results: ICSS enhances implicit and explicit memory, especially in animals showing poor performance in the learning tasks, such as brain-damaged subjects.  At the structural and molecular level, ICSS enhances size and dendritic arborization and promotes neurogenesis in specific hippocampal areas. ICSS also regulates the expression of genes related to learning and memory. Conclusions:Through activating reward and neural plasticity mechanisms, ICSS in the medial forebrain bundle is a promising technique for memory-enhancing treatments.
Author:          Ignacio Morgado-Bernal
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      Title: 1. ICSS improves both implicit and explicit learning tasks 
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      Title: 2. ICSS facilitates memory consolidation and reconsolidation, but it does not affect retrieval 
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      Title: 3. ICSS can improve the extinction of an avoidance response
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      Title: 4. ICSS equalizes the performance of poor and good learners 
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      Title: 5. Facilitation of conditioning by post-training ICSS is also possible in old rats
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      Title: 6. ICSS is able to reverse learning and memory deficit in brain damaged rats
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      Title: 7. Neural mechanisms of the facilitative effects of ICSS  
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      Title: 8. Discussion
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      Title: Acknowledgements 
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      Title: Funding 
     Item: 
      Title: References 
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   Type: CRC32
  Checksum: 7a0edde90cc99ee29fa0c453dfd70a9f
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