Received: 27 July 2021 Revised: 31 August 2022 Accepted: 13 September 2022 DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.507 CASE REPORT Companion or pet animals Reproductive tract infection caused by Kocuria kristinae in an entire female sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) Tiziana Bassan Alex Cobos Claudia Mallol Maria Lourdes Abarca Jaume Martorell 1 Servei d’Exotics, Fundació Hospital Clínic Abstract Veterinari, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain The presence of a cloaca in the reproductive tract of marsupials may predispose them to 2 ascending infections. A 7-year-old, entire, female sugar glider presented with abdom- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Departament de Sanitat i d’Anatomia Animals, inal swelling. Whole-body radiographs and abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass in Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de the abdomen. Initial treatment included meloxicam, buprenorphine and subcutaneous Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain fluids. Abdominal exploratory surgery revealed a severe purulent distention of the repro- 3 Servei de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Fundació ductive tract with multiple adhesions to the intestines, both ureters, urinary bladder and Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma spleen. Because reproductive tissue removal was not feasible, an incision in the mass was de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain performed, the pus aspirated and it was flushed with saline. A biopsy of the affected tissue 4 Servei Veterinari de Bacteriologia i Micologia, Departament de Sanitat i d’Anatomia Animals, was indicative of chronic suppurative endometritis. The microbiological culture and bio- Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de chemical characterisation revealed Kocuria kristinae. The animal was discharged with Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain azithromycin for 1 month and there were no complications over the ensuing 9-month 5 Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, period. This pathogen should be considered in the differential diagnosis of reproductive Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de tract infections in female sugar gliders. Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain Correspondence Jaume Martorell, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Email: JaumeMiquel.Martorell@uab.cat BACKGROUND and open into the urinary bladder. If surgery is not feasi- ble, medical management as an alternative therapy should be Sugar gliders are nocturnal arboreal marsupials with specific considered, as was the case here. needs, which can be kept as companion animals at home. This K. kristinae has been reported as a normal inhabitant of case concerns a reproductive tract infection in an entire female healthy bovine vagina or oral mucosa in humans, but it can sugar glider caused by the bacterium Kocuria kristinae, previ- be a pathogen in the reproductive tract of different species, ously undescribed in this species. In the list of reproductive including the sugar glider, as presented here. disorders in marsupials, metritis/vaginitis is absent for the sugar glider. However, the anatomical features of the repro- ductive tract of marsupials include the presence of a cloaca CASE PRESENTATION and this may predispose the animals to ascending infections. The aim of this case is to describe a pathological condition A 7-year-old, entire, female sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) that affects sugar gliders caused by a previously unreported presented with a 2-day history of abdominal distension. The bacterium. The pathology resembles pyometra in dogs and animal was housed in a common metal cage with a 6-year- cats, which usually requires a surgical approach. However, old, entire, female companion. Their diet consisted of fruits performing ovariohysterectomy in healthy sugar gliders is a (banana, apple, pear, persimmon), vegetables (carrot, potato, considerable challenge for anatomical reasons; the technique green pea) and some nuts (walnut and peanut); water was consists of removing the central and lateral vaginal canals and offered ad libitum in a trough. Neither of the sugar gliders had it requires the identification and preservation of the ureters, been dewormed at any point. On physical examination, the which pass between the lateral canals and the central canal animal was bright, alert and responsive, with a bodyweight of This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. © 2022 The Authors. Veterinary Record Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Veterinary Association. Vet Rec Case Rep. 2022;10:e507. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/vrc2  of  https://doi.org/10.1002/vrc2.507 20526121, 2022, 4, Downloaded from https://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vrc2.507 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [26/09/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License  of  Veterinary Record Case Reports 76 g and a body condition score of 3/5. Five percent dehydra- tion was detected from the delayed dorsal skin tent test. The LEARNING POINTS/TAKE-HOME MESSAGES animal had abdominal distension and showed discomfort on abdominal palpation. ∙ Description of female marsupial reproductive tract infection is scarce. ∙ Kocuria kristinae should be considered as a differ- INVESTIGATIONS ential diagnosis of reproductive tract infection in entire, female sugar gliders. An imaging examination was performed under gaseous seda- ∙ Surgical resection of reproductive tract in marsu- tion with sevoflurane at 3%–4% (Sevoflo, sevoflurane 100%, pials can be challenging. Abbott) and 100% oxygen. Whole-body lateral and ventrodor- ∙ Medical treatment can be adequate to manage sal radiographs showed loss of serosal detail and a poorly female reproductive disorders of sugar gliders. defined homogenous soft tissue opacity with an ovoid-shaped ∙ Kocuria kristinae infection should be considered a mass-like lesion in the mid/caudal abdomen, resulting in potential sugar glider zoonosis. marked cranial displacement of the gas-filled gastrointesti- nal tract (Figure 1a,b). Ultrasonography revealed an ovoid mass 3.3 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, with fairly good mar- gins. The mass was overall hyperechoic with ill-defined mucopurulent content of the mass was submitted for bacterial central hypoechoic regions, and colour flow Doppler inter- culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (Figure 2d). rogation showed poor vascularisation (Figure 1c). The uterus A biopsy of the uterus/vagina wall was sent for histopatho- was not identifiable and the kidneys showed poor bilateral logical examination. The uterus/vagina wall was closed with corticomedullary differentiation, suggesting chronic kidney 4/0 polyglactin 910 in a simple inverted interrupted pattern disease. Mild pyelectasia was identified in the left kidney, con- (Figure 2e). The abdominal cavity was flushed with warm sistent with increased diuresis or pyelonephritis. The owner sterile saline. The abdominal wall was sutured in the same did not give permission to perform blood analyses due to cost pattern and the skin was closed with simple horizontal mat- restraints. tress suture with 4/0 polyglactin 910. The animal recovered The following day, an exploratory laparotomy was per- uneventfully. formed. The patient was induced with sevoflurane at 7%–8% For the microbiological analysis, the purulent sample and 100% oxygen in a mask and maintained at 3%–4%, was inoculated onto Columbia agar with 5% 100 sheep which was monitored with a capnograph; the patient was blood (Difco) and MacConkey agar (Oxoid) and incu- not premedicated with injectable products in order to reduce bated overnight at 37◦ C in 5% CO2 . After 24 hours, the stressful handling before the surgery. The animal was pure cultures of non-haemolytic colonies of gram-positive, positioned in dorsal recumbency. The heart rate was moni- catalase-positive, coagulase-negative cocci were obtained. tored with Doppler (Vet BP Doppler, Mano Medical, Warsaw, The isolate was phenotypically identified using the Vitek 2 Poland), which was placed on the thorax of the animal, elec- system (Biomérieux) as K. kristinae with a percent iden- trodes were fixed on the limbs for an electrocardiogram, and tify of 94%. Identification was confirmed by molecular a pulse oximeter was placed on right forelimb. The tem- analysis. DNA from the isolate was purified and a frag- perature was maintained through warm water-filled gloves, ment of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. which surrounded the patient. The abdomen was clipped Sequences were analysed using public databases. The result and aseptically prepared. An infiltration of lidocaine 1 mg/kg of the antibiogram showed that the bacterium was sus- (Lidor 20 mg/ml, Richter Pharma) and bupivacaine 1 mg/kg ceptible to amikacin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, (Bupaq 0.3 mg/ml, Richter Pharma) was administrated in penicillin, doxycycline, trimetho-sulfamethoxazole; interme- the midline area; doses were calculated based on clinician diate to ciprofloxacin and resistant to marbofloxacin and experience due to the absence of pharmacokinetic/dynamic enrofloxacin. data for this species. A transparent drape was used to ensure The biopsy of the uterus indicated a chronic suppurative that the patient’s respiratory rate could be accurately moni- endometritis. The uterus mucosa showed a multifocal to dif- tored (Figure 2a). The abdomen was opened through a ventral fuse, mild to moderate inflammatory infiltrate consisting of midline incision caudally to the umbilicus and maintained lymphocytes, plasma cells and lesser amounts of scattered in position with a self-retaining retractor (Lone Star Retrac- degenerated neutrophils. Neoplastic growth was not observed tor). A large reproductive tract mass was observed. Due to (Figure 3a). Bacteria, identified as cocci, were visualised the severe distension, it was difficult to recognise the differ- intracellularly (Figure 3b). ent reproductive anatomical parts. Unfortunately, the removal of the reproductive tract was not possible due to the presence of multiple adhesions to the uterus/vagina, ureters, urinary DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS bladder, spleen and the intestine loops (Figure 2b). In order to relieve the pressure towards the other organs, it was decided to The diagnostic imaging techniques revealed the presence of a remove the semi-liquid content. An incision into the ventral mass with fluid content, with a cavitated structure being the wall of the mass was performed to aspirate the dense yellow- most plausible, and almost no vascularisation. ish content thorough a syringe connected to a suction system The differential diagnoses of the abdominal mass included (Figure 2c). In order to manipulate the fragile tissue, the uterine neoplasm with necrotic component, pyometra, lym- uterus/vagina was isolated with cotton swabs and sustained phoma, lymphadenitis, mesenteric granuloma, abscess and by two hanging sutures 4/0 polyglactin 910. A sample of the neoplasia. 20526121, 2022, 4, Downloaded from https://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vrc2.507 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [26/09/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License Veterinary Record Case Reports  of  F I G U R E  (a and b) Whole-body lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs (L = left) showed loss of serosal details and a roundish opaque homogenously soft tissue structure (asterisk) in the caudal abdomen. It caused a cranial displacement of the gastrointestinal tract, which contained a small amount of gas (arrowhead). (c) The abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large roundish hyperechoic structure (25.1 × 33.0 mm, between callipers) of unknown origin, with central hypoechoic regions. The ovoid structure had moderately defined margins and was slightly lateralised to the left, displacing the liver and stomach cranially and the right kidney dorsally and to the right, occupying from the middle to the caudal part of the abdominal cavity In this case, neoplasia was less probable due to the lack of bodies, there are three vaginal ducts, two lateral and one vascularisation. median/central, which connect at the urogenital sinus, into At this point of the case, a uterine infection was the which the urethra flows before it enters the cloaca. The pres- most probable diagnosis. During the abdominal exploratory ence of cloaca may predispose to ascending infections. The surgery, the appearance of the distended uterus with dense ovaries lie on the medioventral face of the uterus, and the fluid content was extremely helpful for the final diagnosis, convoluted oviduct is funnel-shaped and connects to the which was then confirmed with the histopathological and uterus, which continues until the vaginal cul-de-sac, which microbiological examination. is divided by a septum. In sugar gliders, the median vagi- nal canal is short, and the lateral ones are longer. The ureters are located between the vaginal canals, which differs from the TREATMENT organisation in placental mammals.1 Disorders of the reproductive tract are rarely reported in The first day, the patient was hospitalised with an initial the sugar glider. Some authors have cultured Staphylococ- treatment of meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously [SC] cus aureus, Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli and Proteus sp. every 12 hours; Metacam 5 mg/ml, Boehringer), buprenor- in female reproductive tract infections in marsupials.1 In phine (0.03 mg/kg/SC/12 hours; Bupaq 0.3 mg/ml, Ritcher the short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica), metritis Pharma), warm subcutaneous fluids and assisted oral feed- and endometritis have been reported.2 Cushingoid syndrome ing with critical care formula diet for omnivores at 1 ml, three secondary to a genital tract infection was described in the times per day (Emeraid Intensive Care Omnivore, Cornell, IL, Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), and the urine cul- USA). ture isolated various coliforms and Staphylococcus sp. It was After the surgery, the treatment plan continued as concluded that metritis leads to urinary infection; complete before, and adding metronidazole (20 mg/kg orally every ovario-vaginal-hysterectomy including lateral canals was an 24 hours; Flagyl 96 25 mg/ml, Sanofi) and marbofloxacin effective cure.3 (5 mg/kg/SC/24 hours; Marbocyl 20 mg/ml, Vetquinol), Poor husbandry conditions can affect the overall wel- while waiting for results of the microbiological culture. fare status of sugar gliders. In which case, the diet is very Three days later, the antibiotic treatment was changed to high in carbohydrates and low in protein. It is reported that azithromycin (30 mg/kg/12 hours; azithromycin 40 mg/ml, free-ranging males are likely able to meet minimal protein Pfizer), considering the clinician’s experience, the result of the requirements with diets consisting of plants or insect exu- bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The dates alone, while females must supplement with pollen or supportive treatment continued. arthropods to meet demands of reproduction, especially dur- ing spring or summer.4 Because of that, dietary imbalance might lead to reproductive problems. OUTCOME AND FOLLOW-UP Leukocytosis is a common finding in reproductive tract infections. In the current case, the owner did not allow Three weeks later, the dimension of the uterus/vagina mon- bloodwork to be performed due to the cost. Although presur- itored through ultrasound was 15.7 × 11.9 mm, and the gical bloodwork is normally indicated, in very small ani- medical treatment was stopped. Four months later, it was mals drawing a blood sample would drastically limit the 13.9 × 15.3 mm. Eight months later, the animal is healthy and amount of blood loss that could occur in the intraoperative exhibiting normal behaviour. period. Medical treatment can be adequate to manage female reproductive disorders; however, sometimes ovariohysterec- DISCUSSION tomy is required. This procedure can be challenging due to the position of the ureters in this species.5 If the The female reproductive tract of marsupials has a strict ureters cannot be easily isolated, the ovaries and uterus anatomical correlation with the urinary tract. The reproduc- should be removed, leaving the central and lateral vaginal tive system consists of ovaries, oviducts and paired uterus canals.1 20526121, 2022, 4, Downloaded from https://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vrc2.507 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [26/09/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License  of  Veterinary Record Case Reports F I G U R E  Intra-surgical photographs of a female sugar glider with a reproductive tract infection. (a) The animal was positioned in dorsal recumbency. The heart rate was monitored with Doppler (Vet BP Doppler, Mano Medical, Warsaw, Poland) placed on the thorax of the animal, electrodes were fixed on the limbs for an electrocardiogram and a pulse oximeter was placed on right forelimb. The temperature was maintained through warm water-filled gloves that enveloped the patient. The abdomen was clipped and aseptically prepared. A transparent drape was positioned to help the ease of monitoring of the patient’s respiratory rate. (b) The abdomen was opened through a ventral midline incision caudally to the umbilicus and the position was maintained with the use of a self-retaining retractor (Lone Star Retractor). A large reproductive tract mass was observed, and it corresponded to the reproductive tract with adhesion to the urinary bladder (asterisk) and spleen (arrowhead). (c) An incision into the ventral wall of the mass was performed to aspirate the dense yellowish content thorough a syringe connected to a suction system. (d) In order to manipulate the fragile tissue, the uterus/vagina was sustained by two hanging sutures 4/0 polyglactin 910. A sample of the mucopurulent content of the mass was submitted for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. (e) The uterus/vagina wall was closed with 4/0 polyglactin 910 in a simple inverted interrupted pattern In the current case, many adhesions were visualised between the uterus, ureters, urinary bladder, spleen and small intestine. There was a loss of reproductive tract structure. The distended mass corresponded to the uterus and median and lateral vaginal canals; for this reason, it was necessary to open it and to aspirate the dense fluid content to relieve the pressure on the other organs and to avoid contamination. In the case presented, the causative agent of the infection was identified as K. kristinae through biochemical characteri- sation. K. kristinae belongs to the genus Kocuria as part of the fam- ily Micrococcaceae and class Actinobacteria. In humans, it inhabits the skin and oral mucosa, and it can cause blood- stream infection in immunocompromised individuals, but also in some instances, in immunocompetent human patients of any age.6 In a review, the pathogen was susceptible to van- comycin, linezolid, rifampicin, teicoplanin, tigecycline, cefo- taxime, ampicillin/sulbactam, minocycline and meropenem, while resistant to penicillin, gentamycin and erythromycin.7 In that case, long-term medical treatment with azithromycin was successful. The antibiotic was elected as being a broad- spectrum antibiotic, it covers against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and is available in a very oral palatable formula. The change was made considering clinician’s experience, the result of the bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility F I G U R E  Histological images of a female sugar glider with a testing. reproductive tract infection. (a) The histopathology of the uterus/vagina In veterinary literature, K. kristinae is not a commonly stained with haematoxylin and eosin showed the mucosa (asterisk) with a reported bacterium. K. kristinae has been isolated in healthy multifocal to diffuse, mild to moderate inflammatory infiltrate, consistent with lymphocytes, plasma cells and lesser amounts of scattered degenerated bovine vagina microbiota. It was observed to be strongly neutrophils. Neoplastic growth was not observed. (b) The intracellular adherent to all the different types of mucus of the repro- bacteria show coccoid morphology arranged in characteristic tetrad ductive tract.8 To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first disposition (arrowhead) report of this pathogen in marsupials, especially in sugar 20526121, 2022, 4, Downloaded from https://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vrc2.507 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [26/09/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License Veterinary Record Case Reports  of  gliders and it should be considered in differential diagnosis of metritis/vaginitis in this species. How to cite this article: Bassan T, Cobos A, Mallol C, Abarca ML, Martorell J. Reproductive tract infection AU T H O R C O N T R I B U T I O N S caused by Kocuria kristinae in an entire female sugar Tiziana Bassan was the primary clinician and wrote the glider (Petaurus breviceps). Vet Rec Case Rep. article. Alex Cobos performed the histopathology, informed 2022;10:e507. https://doi.org/10.1002/vrc2.507 the postmortem examination and reviewed the article. Claudia Mallol performed the transabdominal ultra- sound, informed the images and reviewed the article. Maria Lourdes Abarca performed the bacterial culture OWNER’S PERSPECTIVE and biochemical characterisation and reviewed the arti- The owners were very cooperative, accepting almost all the cle. Jaume Martorell supervised the case and reviewed the diagnostic techniques proposed. They accepted that the ani- article. mal will go through the surgical procedure, understanding the related risks. During the explanation, an illustration from the ACKNOWLED GEMENT S book ‘Quesenberry K, Carpenter JW (2020), Ferrets, Rabbits The authors would like to thank Ferran Solanes, intern of and Rodents-E-Book: Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Elsevier the ‘Servei d’Exotics, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Health Sciences’, was used in order to help them understand Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona’ for his contribution as the difficulty of the surgery because of the arrangement of the an assistant clinician of the case and Dr. Virginia Aragon, reproductive tract very close to the urinary one. This allowed researcher from ‘IRTA-Centre de Recerca de Salut Animal’ for them to comprehend the difficulty of removing the tissue her contribution in the microbiological identification of the without damaging the ureters, due to the multiple adhesions case. between organs. The owners were committed to performing periodic ultrasound controls to monitor the dimension of the CONFLICT OF INTEREST reproductive tract, which allowed for a good and efficient The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest. follow-up of the case. E T H I C S S TAT E M E N T IMAGE QUIZ The authors confirm that the ethical policies of the journal, A 7-year-old, entire, female sugar glider presented with as noted on the journal’s author guidelines page, have been abdominal swelling. Whole-body radiographs and abdomi- adhered to. nal ultrasound revealed a mass in the abdomen. In Figure 2, you can see the exploratory laparotomy performed to treat the F U N D I N G I N F O R M AT I O N pathology that caused a distended abdomen.0 The authors received no specific funding for this work. M U LT I P L E - C H O I C E Q U E S T I O N ORCID What is the distended organ opened and what is the organ Tiziana Bassan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-7080 indicated by the asterisk (indicated in the part b and c of Figure Jaume Martorell https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9031-0042 2)? REFERENCES POSSIBLE ANSWERS TO 1. Johnson-Delaney CA, Lennox AM. Reproductive disorders of marsupials. M U LT I P L E - C H O I C E Q U E S T I O N Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2017;20(2):539–53. doi:https://doi. 1. Opened organ: stomach; asterisk: intestinal loop. org/10.1016/j.cvex.2016.11.011 2. Opened organ: stomach; asterisk: lymph node. 2. Hubbard GB, Mahaney MC, Gleiser CA, Taylor DE, VandeBerg JL. Spontaneous pathology of the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis 3. Opened organ: uterus; asterisk: lymph node. domestica). Lab Anim Sci. 1997;47(1):19–26. 4. Opened organ: uterus; asterisk: urinary bladder. 3. Henness AM. Cushingoid syndrome secondary to genital tract infection 5. Opened organ: uterus; asterisk: intestinal loop. in the female 177 opossums (D. virginiana). Possum Tales. 1994;8(1–2):9– 11. CORRECT ANSWER 4. Dierenfeld ES. Feeding behavior and nutrition of the sugar glider (Petau- rus breviceps). Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2009;12(2):209– The correct answer is number 4. The distended mass corre- 15. sponded to the uterus and median and lateral vaginal canals; 5. Sugar gliders. Merck Manual Veterinary Manual; Rahway, NJ, USA: for this reason, it was necessary to open it and to aspirate Merck & Co., Inc.; Updated 2022. https://www.merckvetmanual.com/ the dense fluid content to relieve the pressure on the other exotic-and-laboratory-animals/sugar-gliders/sugar-gliders organs and to avoid contamination. In the current case, many 6. Napolitani M, Troiano G, Bedogni C, Messina G, Nante N. Kocuria kristinae: an emerging pathogen in medical practice. J Med Microbiol. adhesions were visualised between organs: the uterus, ureters, 2019;68(11):1596–603. doi:https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001023 urinary bladder (asterisk in part b and c of Figure 2), spleen 7. Živković Zarić RS, Pejčić AV, Janković SM, Kostić MJ, Milosavljević (black arrow in the part c of Figure 2), and the small intestine MN, Milosavljević MJ, et al. Antimicrobial treatment of Kocuria kristinae underneath. In the case presented, the causative agent of the invasive infections: systematic review. J Chemother. 2019;31(3):109–19. infection was identified as Kocuria kristinae through biochem- doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2018.1542551 8. Styková E, Nemcová R, Gancarčíková S, Valocký I, Lauková A. Bovine ical characterisation. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the vaginal strain Kocuria kristinae and its characterization. Folia Microbiol first report of this pathogen in marsupials, especially in sugar (Praha). 2016;61(3):243–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-015-043 gliders and it should be considered in differential diagnosis of 1-x metritis/vaginitis in this species.