8ee6ac084764264c41beab3210319e45 blsf-19-00015.pdf 3a739cb459493f082a6e88b13b5ba18bc269a9ac blsf-19-00015.pdf 9e35741c1a000e4af9168bc54e52cd39ba3fea30cd77876495d8640036b3476e blsf-19-00015.pdf Title: The Food-Finding Test Paradigm without Deprivation Delays the Ethogram but Preserves the Olfactory Signatures in Female Mice with Normal and AD-Pathological Aging and Detects Their Ethogram Derangement Due to Social Isolation "2279 Subject: The severity of sensory involution during aging is critical for perceiving and recognizing the world. In addition, sensory deficits significantly increase the risk of older adults’ biological, mental, and social decline. Conversely, the loss of smell is an early biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases. The worsening of these neurodegenerative diseases also involves physical deterioration, social deficits, and isolation. In the present translational work, a new food finding test (FFT) olfactory paradigm without food deprivation was used to investigate olfaction in old animals. The effects of social isolation in 12-months-old female 3xTg-AD mice, a genetic model of AD, and their age-matched wild-type counterparts, the gold-standard C57BL/6 mice, were also studied. The animals were placed in a test cage and were observed until reaching the criteria for three goal-directed behaviors, ‘Sniffing’, ‘Finding’ and ‘Eating’, towards the hidden food. Video recordings were analyzed blind to the genotype and social condition in order to determine the behaviors’ ethogram and functional correlations. The results showed that the FFT paradigm without food deprivation elicited longer ethograms than previously reported with the standard overnight food deprivation protocol. However, it identified the genotype-dependent olfactory signatures in normal and AD-pathological aging. Social isolation slightly increased the latencies, but the olfactory signatures were preserved. However, a functional derangement was detected since the internal correlation among the three goal-directed behaviors was lost under isolation. In conclusion, the new paradigm without overnight deprivation was sensitive to genotype and isolation changes in the ethogram and function and can be used to study old animals. Keywords: neuroethology; 3xTg-AD mice; behavioral neuroscience; methods; smell loss; ageing; Alzheimer’s disease; animal models; ethogram Author: Daniela Marín-Pardo and Lydia Giménez-Llort Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Jan 13 09:44:08 2023 CET ModDate: Fri Jan 13 09:48:59 2023 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 2 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 205001 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YSPQJI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 QKZKVH+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 ZCZNBG+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 LWWNFL+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 TZMXPD+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-02-21 02:11:24 CET RepresentationInformation: blsf-19-00015.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-02-20 07:46:02 CET Size: 205001 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 87 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Info: Title: The Food-Finding Test Paradigm without Deprivation Delays the Ethogram but Preserves the Olfactory Signatures in Female Mice with Normal and AD-Pathological Aging and Detects Their Ethogram Derangement Due to Social Isolation "2279 Author: Daniela Marín-Pardo and Lydia Giménez-Llort Subject: The severity of sensory involution during aging is critical for perceiving and recognizing the world. In addition, sensory deficits significantly increase the risk of older adults’ biological, mental, and social decline. Conversely, the loss of smell is an early biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases. The worsening of these neurodegenerative diseases also involves physical deterioration, social deficits, and isolation. In the present translational work, a new food finding test (FFT) olfactory paradigm without food deprivation was used to investigate olfaction in old animals. The effects of social isolation in 12-months-old female 3xTg-AD mice, a genetic model of AD, and their age-matched wild-type counterparts, the gold-standard C57BL/6 mice, were also studied. The animals were placed in a test cage and were observed until reaching the criteria for three goal-directed behaviors, ‘Sniffing’, ‘Finding’ and ‘Eating’, towards the hidden food. Video recordings were analyzed blind to the genotype and social condition in order to determine the behaviors’ ethogram and functional correlations. The results showed that the FFT paradigm without food deprivation elicited longer ethograms than previously reported with the standard overnight food deprivation protocol. However, it identified the genotype-dependent olfactory signatures in normal and AD-pathological aging. Social isolation slightly increased the latencies, but the olfactory signatures were preserved. However, a functional derangement was detected since the internal correlation among the three goal-directed behaviors was lost under isolation. In conclusion, the new paradigm without overnight deprivation was sensitive to genotype and isolation changes in the ethogram and function and can be used to study old animals. Keywords: neuroethology; 3xTg-AD mice; behavioral neuroscience; methods; smell loss; ageing; Alzheimer’s disease; animal models; ethogram Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Jan 13 09:44:08 CET 2023 ModDate: Fri Jan 13 09:48:59 CET 2023 ID: 0xac13dd3fae38d4be48c2ac063728e9b9, 0xac13dd3fae38d4be48c2ac063728e9b9 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: ZCZNBG+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 134 FontDescriptor: FontName: ZCZNBG+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: LWWNFL+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 237 FontDescriptor: FontName: LWWNFL+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: YSPQJI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 178 LastChar: 189 FontDescriptor: FontName: YSPQJI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: TZMXPD+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 46 LastChar: 117 FontDescriptor: FontName: TZMXPD+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: QKZKVH+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 177 LastChar: 225 FontDescriptor: FontName: QKZKVH+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 75, 299, 152, 308 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 288, 116, 296 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 164, 96, 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 90, 154, 99 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 78, 147, 87 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 756, 167, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 756, 560, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 620, 292, 634 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 535, 356, 545 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 189, 560, 200 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 177, 383, 188 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 17, 301, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 423, 17, 560, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 420, 87, 439 Page: Sequence: 2 Checksum: b7d760fc Type: CRC32 Checksum: 8ee6ac084764264c41beab3210319e45 Type: MD5 Checksum: 3a739cb459493f082a6e88b13b5ba18bc269a9ac Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 9e35741c1a000e4af9168bc54e52cd39ba3fea30cd77876495d8640036b3476e Type: SHA-256