3918d95109b426586507b2527d23e675 pmc_35158627.pdf a11f2b3e3cc5fca417ff244eaf3d4b7b1a18f6c2 pmc_35158627.pdf 6ebc39c45cd975ddd643a1c2c9ef1c7f84dd1bf7a092bf8ed1455195de9b4195 pmc_35158627.pdf Title: Is There a Link between Vomeronasalitis and Aggression in Stable Social Groups of Female Pigs? Subject: The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a bilateral chemosensory structure strongly involved in animal behaviour, thanks to its sensory epithelium (VNSE) that detects pheromones. Experimental VNO lesions can impair social, reproductive and maternal behaviour, while feline spontaneous vomeronasalitis has been associated with aggression. This study aimed to describe vomeronasalitis in farm pigs and explore its association with intraspecific behavioural alterations. Using 38 six-month-old pigs, the skin lesion score based on Welfare Quality® protocols was obtained during the fattening period. The seventy-six VNOs from these pigs were stained in haematoxylin-eosin for histological examinations. VNSE inflammation was classified considering its intensity. Skin lesions data were compared to vomeronasalitis. There were 34% of pigs that showed unilateral VNSE inflammation, while 66% were bilaterally affected. The mean SD number of skin lesions/animal was 4.4 2.82, and 34% of pigs scored 1 (moderately wounded animals) at least once during the fattening period. Statistical analysis showed an association between bilateral vomeronasalitis and skin lesion score (p < 0.05) and between bilateral moderate vomeronasalitis and skin lesions number (p < 0.01). This is the first report linking vomeronasalitis to social life in farm animals. Considering the role of social life in animal welfare, our data opens a research field linking pathology to animal behaviour. Keywords: behavior; chemical communication; inflammation; pathology; pig; vomeronasal organ Author: Pietro Asproni, Eva Mainau, Alessandro Cozzi, Ricard Carreras, Cécile Bienboire-Frosini, Eva Teruel and Patrick Pageat Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Jan 27 04:46:35 2022 CET ModDate: Thu Jan 27 04:51:22 2022 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 9 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 15566296 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- BTFGED+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 KPNHET+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 QHOQGU+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 PPQUAJ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 HZEYID+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 NJAOJC+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 32 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 44 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 48 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 60 0 ZXDKIP+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-06-21 02:29:46 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_35158627.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-02-27 18:45:19 CET Size: 15566296 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 250 FreeObjects: 5 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4923ab24 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Children: Item: Title: Animals and Housing Conditions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Skin Lesions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Histopathological Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Children: Item: Title: Skin Lesions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Histopathological Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Association between Skin Lesions and Vomeronasalitis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Info: Title: Is There a Link between Vomeronasalitis and Aggression in Stable Social Groups of Female Pigs? Author: Pietro Asproni, Eva Mainau, Alessandro Cozzi, Ricard Carreras, Cécile Bienboire-Frosini, Eva Teruel and Patrick Pageat Subject: The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a bilateral chemosensory structure strongly involved in animal behaviour, thanks to its sensory epithelium (VNSE) that detects pheromones. Experimental VNO lesions can impair social, reproductive and maternal behaviour, while feline spontaneous vomeronasalitis has been associated with aggression. This study aimed to describe vomeronasalitis in farm pigs and explore its association with intraspecific behavioural alterations. Using 38 six-month-old pigs, the skin lesion score based on Welfare Quality® protocols was obtained during the fattening period. The seventy-six VNOs from these pigs were stained in haematoxylin-eosin for histological examinations. VNSE inflammation was classified considering its intensity. Skin lesions data were compared to vomeronasalitis. There were 34% of pigs that showed unilateral VNSE inflammation, while 66% were bilaterally affected. The mean SD number of skin lesions/animal was 4.4 2.82, and 34% of pigs scored 1 (moderately wounded animals) at least once during the fattening period. Statistical analysis showed an association between bilateral vomeronasalitis and skin lesion score (p < 0.05) and between bilateral moderate vomeronasalitis and skin lesions number (p < 0.01). This is the first report linking vomeronasalitis to social life in farm animals. Considering the role of social life in animal welfare, our data opens a research field linking pathology to animal behaviour. 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