ea751b5fdf76996d804c1b2a7f2edcf0 pmc_35163682.pdf 56d8db37735dfe3fc1754db2f8550f1b5d962b61 pmc_35163682.pdf b2a105e4a5806ac3f78780d368672bcc06c4313e64d063027e8236f864bc8e7c pmc_35163682.pdf Title: On-Growth and In-Growth Osseointegration Enhancement in PM Porous Ti-Scaffolds by Two Different Bioactivation Strategies: Alkali Thermochemical Treatment and RGD Peptide Coating Subject: A lack of primary stability and osteointegration in metallic implants may result in implant loosening and failure. Adding porosity to metallic implants reduces the stress shielding effect and improves implant performance, allowing the surrounding bone tissue to grow into the scaffold. However, a bioactive surface is needed to stimulate implant osteointegration and improve mechanical stability. In this study, porous titanium implants were produced via powder sintering to create different porous diameters and open interconnectivity. Two strategies were used to generate a bioactive surface on the metallic foams: (1) an inorganic alkali thermochemical treatment, (2) grafting a cell adhesive tripeptide (RGD). RGD peptides exhibit an affinity for integrins expressed by osteoblasts, and have been reported to improve osteoblast adhesion, whereas the thermochemical treatment is known to improve titanium implant osseointegration upon implantation. Bioactivated scaffolds and control samples were implanted into the tibiae of rabbits to analyze the effect of these two strategies in vivo regarding bone tissue regeneration through interconnected porosity. Histomorphometric evaluation was performed at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone in-growth and on-growth were evaluated in different regions of interest (ROIs) inside and outside the implant. The results of this study show that after a long-term postoperative period, the RGD-coated samples presented higher quantification values of quantified newly formed bone tissue in the implant’s outer area. However, the total analyzed bone in-growth was observed to be slightly greater in the scaffolds treated with alkali thermochemical treatment. These results suggest that both strategies contribute to enhancing porous metallic implant stability and osteointegration, and a combination of both strategies might be worth pursuing. Keywords: titanium foams; osseointegration; thermochemical treatment; RGD peptide; in vivo implantation; histomorphometric evaluation; bone on-growth; bone in-growth Author: Katrin Steffanie Rappe, Monica Ortiz-Hernandez, Miquel Punset, Meritxell Molmeneu, Albert Barba, Carles Mas-Moruno, Jordi Guillem-Marti, Cristina Caparrós, Elisa Rupérez, José Calero, María-Cristina Manzanares, Javier Gil and Jordi Franch Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Feb 3 14:53:22 2022 CET ModDate: Thu Feb 3 15:21:49 2022 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 26 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 51730975 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- IEFSKB+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 SEVTWH+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 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IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Clinical and Radiographic Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Porous Implant Structure and Mechanical Properties Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Quantitative Histomorphometric Evaluation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Children: Item: Title: Postoperative Period Groups after 4 Weeks of Implantation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Postoperative Period Groups 12 Weeks after Implantation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Qualitative Evaluation in Cross-Section View Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: Sample Groups 4 Weeks after Implantation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Sample Groups 12 Weeks after Implantation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Qualitative Evaluation in Longitudinal View Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Children: Item: Title: Sample Groups 4 Weeks after Implantation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Sample Groups after 12 Weeks of Implantation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Children: Item: Title: Implanted Materials Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: Surface Bioactivation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: In Vivo Experimentation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: Surgical Technique Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Item: Title: Euthanasia Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: Samples Preparation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: Obtaining Images of the Samples by SEM Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Item: Title: SEM Quantitative Evaluation Method Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Item: Title: Qualitative Evaluation for Transversal Images Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Item: Title: Qualitative Evaluation for Longitudinal Images Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612679d6 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@11758f2a Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@e720b71 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1b26f7b2 Info: Title: On-Growth and In-Growth Osseointegration Enhancement in PM Porous Ti-Scaffolds by Two Different Bioactivation Strategies: Alkali Thermochemical Treatment and RGD Peptide Coating Author: Katrin Steffanie Rappe, Monica Ortiz-Hernandez, Miquel Punset, Meritxell Molmeneu, Albert Barba, Carles Mas-Moruno, Jordi Guillem-Marti, Cristina Caparrós, Elisa Rupérez, José Calero, María-Cristina Manzanares, Javier Gil and Jordi Franch Subject: A lack of primary stability and osteointegration in metallic implants may result in implant loosening and failure. Adding porosity to metallic implants reduces the stress shielding effect and improves implant performance, allowing the surrounding bone tissue to grow into the scaffold. However, a bioactive surface is needed to stimulate implant osteointegration and improve mechanical stability. In this study, porous titanium implants were produced via powder sintering to create different porous diameters and open interconnectivity. Two strategies were used to generate a bioactive surface on the metallic foams: (1) an inorganic alkali thermochemical treatment, (2) grafting a cell adhesive tripeptide (RGD). RGD peptides exhibit an affinity for integrins expressed by osteoblasts, and have been reported to improve osteoblast adhesion, whereas the thermochemical treatment is known to improve titanium implant osseointegration upon implantation. Bioactivated scaffolds and control samples were implanted into the tibiae of rabbits to analyze the effect of these two strategies in vivo regarding bone tissue regeneration through interconnected porosity. Histomorphometric evaluation was performed at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone in-growth and on-growth were evaluated in different regions of interest (ROIs) inside and outside the implant. The results of this study show that after a long-term postoperative period, the RGD-coated samples presented higher quantification values of quantified newly formed bone tissue in the implant’s outer area. However, the total analyzed bone in-growth was observed to be slightly greater in the scaffolds treated with alkali thermochemical treatment. These results suggest that both strategies contribute to enhancing porous metallic implant stability and osteointegration, and a combination of both strategies might be worth pursuing. 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