364bc6a02e57c142e13c3a6c21ef10f4 pmc_35207301.pdf 612990ff309e82a442066153b854e157db724823 pmc_35207301.pdf eb9080b7b0e94db0a5e7b7e2cf0676596bfbcb3f3a5199698895aa88db7356f8 pmc_35207301.pdf Title: Related Factors of Anemia in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study Subject: Anemia is common in critically ill patients; almost 95% of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) have hemoglobin levels below normal. Several causes may explain this phenomenon as well as the tendency to transfuse patients without adequate cause: due to a lack of adherence to protocols, lack of supervision, incomplete transfusion request forms, or a lack of knowledge about the indications, risks, and costs of transfusions. Daily sampling to monitor the coagulation parameters and the acid–base balance can aggravate anemia as the main iatrogenic factor in its production. We studied the association and importance of iatrogenic blood loss and other factors in the incidence of anemia in ICUs. We performed a prospective, observational, multicenter study in five Spanish hospitals. A total of 142 patients with a median age of 58 years (IQI: 48–69), 71.83% male and 28.17% female, were admitted to ICUs without a diagnosis of iatrogenic anemia. During their ICU stay, anemia appeared in 66.90% of the sample, 95 patients, (95% CI: 58.51–74.56%). Risk factors associated with the occurrence of iatrogenic anemia were arterial catheter insertion (72.63% vs. 46.81%, p-value = 0.003), venous catheter insertion (87.37% vs. 72.34%, p-value = 0.023), drainages (33.68% vs. 12.77%, p-value = 0.038), and ICU stay, where the longer the stay, the higher the rate of iatrogenic anemia (p-value < 0.001). We concluded that there was a statistical significance in the production of iatrogenic anemia due to the daily sampling for laboratory monitoring and critical procedures in intensive care units. The implementation of patient blood management programs could address these issues. Keywords: anemia; blood; practice management; medical Author: Raúl Juárez-Vela, Eva María Andrés-Esteban, Vicente Gea-Caballero, Juan Luis Sánchez-González, Pilar Marcos-Neira, Ainhoa Serrano-Lázaro, Gabriel Tirado-Anglés, Juan Carlos Ruiz-Rodríguez, Ángela Durante, Iván Santolalla-Arnedo, José Antonio García-Erce and Manuel Quintana-Díaz Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Feb 18 06:23:23 2022 CET ModDate: Fri Feb 18 06:29:15 2022 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 9 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 8590061 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- FJDQIS+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 SMQDQR+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 MZAMBY+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 AWABDZ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 32 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 40 0 XPUSBJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 52 0 BSDWLC+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 55 0 EIFDAO+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 81 0 IKKWKP+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 QLBIEB+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 110 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-04-02 02:22:36 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_35207301.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-02-27 18:33:46 CET Size: 8590061 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 238 FreeObjects: 5 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Design and Population Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Variables and Clinical Criteria Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Statistical Procedures Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Info: Title: Related Factors of Anemia in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study Author: Raúl Juárez-Vela, Eva María Andrés-Esteban, Vicente Gea-Caballero, Juan Luis Sánchez-González, Pilar Marcos-Neira, Ainhoa Serrano-Lázaro, Gabriel Tirado-Anglés, Juan Carlos Ruiz-Rodríguez, Ángela Durante, Iván Santolalla-Arnedo, José Antonio García-Erce and Manuel Quintana-Díaz Subject: Anemia is common in critically ill patients; almost 95% of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) have hemoglobin levels below normal. Several causes may explain this phenomenon as well as the tendency to transfuse patients without adequate cause: due to a lack of adherence to protocols, lack of supervision, incomplete transfusion request forms, or a lack of knowledge about the indications, risks, and costs of transfusions. Daily sampling to monitor the coagulation parameters and the acid base balance can aggravate anemia as the main iatrogenic factor in its production. We studied the association and importance of iatrogenic blood loss and other factors in the incidence of anemia in ICUs. We performed a prospective, observational, multicenter study in five Spanish hospitals. A total of 142 patients with a median age of 58 years (IQI: 48 69), 71.83% male and 28.17% female, were admitted to ICUs without a diagnosis of iatrogenic anemia. During their ICU stay, anemia appeared in 66.90% of the sample, 95 patients, (95% CI: 58.51 74.56%). Risk factors associated with the occurrence of iatrogenic anemia were arterial catheter insertion (72.63% vs. 46.81%, p-value = 0.003), venous catheter insertion (87.37% vs. 72.34%, p-value = 0.023), drainages (33.68% vs. 12.77%, p-value = 0.038), and ICU stay, where the longer the stay, the higher the rate of iatrogenic anemia (p-value < 0.001). We concluded that there was a statistical significance in the production of iatrogenic anemia due to the daily sampling for laboratory monitoring and critical procedures in intensive care units. The implementation of patient blood management programs could address these issues. 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