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For ulcerative colitis, the most used CoTs were vedolizumab plus anti-TNF and vedolizumab plus tofacitinib. The aforesaid CoTs have shown good efficacy and few adverse events have been reported. Keywords: inflammatory bowel diseases; biologic treatment; combination; Crohn’s disease; ulcerative colitis Author: Eduard Brunet Mas and Xavier Calvet Calvo Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Feb 18 11:23:15 2022 CET ModDate: Fri Feb 18 11:28:11 2022 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 7 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 386254 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PNJMNO+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 AYIPZX+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 AZJQKP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 GYXRMA+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 32 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 40 0 XPUSBJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 52 0 BSDWLC+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 55 0 FFNOND+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 86 0 FFNONF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 89 0 FFNONH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 92 0 FFOBHI+Calibri CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 95 0 FFOBIJ+Calibri,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 101 0 CKBPVA+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 116 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-06-01 02:28:11 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_35207347.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-02-27 18:33:37 CET Size: 386254 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 234 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Global Efficacy and Safety of CoT Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Usefulness and Safety of Biologic Combinations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Info: Title: Selecting the Best Combined Biological Therapy for Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Author: Eduard Brunet Mas and Xavier Calvet Calvo Subject: Current medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) does not achieve 100% response rates, and a subset of refractory and severely ill patients have persistent active disease after being treated with all possible drug alternatives. The combination of two biological therapies (CoT) seems a reasonable alternative, and has been increasingly tested in very difficult cases. The present review suggests that CoT seems to be safe and effective for refractory and severely ill IBD patients. Ustekinumab plus vedolizumab and vedolizumab plus anti-TNF were the most used CoTs for Crohn’s disease. For ulcerative colitis, the most used CoTs were vedolizumab plus anti-TNF and vedolizumab plus tofacitinib. The aforesaid CoTs have shown good efficacy and few adverse events have been reported. 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