8d70f6fc70cdbcf9701dbf7fa62ae66f pmc_8883931.pdf 803e8ab0673d9aad60af4fda5367b5309fac1f44 pmc_8883931.pdf 2308e3e8ed0f26c557929fb2b299dbfa1a1ea1fcea92a5a6a8e312b791e0b8a5 pmc_8883931.pdf Title: Hormone Targets for the Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Postmenopausal Women with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review Subject: While the early identification of insomnia in patients with schizophrenia is of clinical relevance, the use of specific compounds to treat insomnia has been studied less in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia. We aimed to explore the effects of melatonin, sex hormones, and raloxifene for the treatment of insomnia in these populations. Although melatonin treatment improved the quality and efficiency of the sleep of patients with schizophrenia, few studies have explored its use in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia. The estrogen and progesterone pathways are dysregulated in major psychiatric disorders, such as in schizophrenia. While, in the context of menopause, a high testosterone-to-estradiol ratio is associated with higher frequencies of depressive symptoms, the effects of estradiol and other sex hormones on sleep disorders in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia has not been sufficiently investigated. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has shown positive effects on sleep disorders in postmenopausal women. Future studies should investigate the effectiveness of hormonal compounds on insomnia in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia. Keywords: schizophrenia; delusional disorder; sleep; insomnia; treatment Author: Alexandre González-Rodríguez, José Haba-Rubio, Judith Usall, Mentxu Natividad, Virginia Soria, Javier Labad and José A. Monreal Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Feb 15 12:37:32 2022 CET ModDate: Tue Feb 15 12:59:32 2022 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 483732 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- IOJCNK+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 DRZUJM+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 FBCVRY+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 COYGYE+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 JABARQ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 44 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 90 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 96 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 102 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-BoldItalic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 108 0 LWLIVD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 141 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-31 02:31:22 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_8883931.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-03-22 06:55:13 CET Size: 483732 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 360 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Melatonin for the Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Postmenopausal Women with Schizophrenia Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Sex Hormones for the Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Postmenopausal Women with Schizophrenia Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Children: Item: Title: Estradiol Use to Treat Sleep Disorders Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Progesterone Use to Treat Sleep Disorders Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Testosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone (as a Precursor of Testosterone) to Treat Sleep Disorders Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Raloxifene Use to Treat Sleep Disorders Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Info: Title: Hormone Targets for the Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Postmenopausal Women with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review Author: Alexandre González-Rodríguez, José Haba-Rubio, Judith Usall, Mentxu Natividad, Virginia Soria, Javier Labad and José A. Monreal Subject: While the early identification of insomnia in patients with schizophrenia is of clinical relevance, the use of specific compounds to treat insomnia has been studied less in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia. We aimed to explore the effects of melatonin, sex hormones, and raloxifene for the treatment of insomnia in these populations. Although melatonin treatment improved the quality and efficiency of the sleep of patients with schizophrenia, few studies have explored its use in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia. The estrogen and progesterone pathways are dysregulated in major psychiatric disorders, such as in schizophrenia. While, in the context of menopause, a high testosterone-to-estradiol ratio is associated with higher frequencies of depressive symptoms, the effects of estradiol and other sex hormones on sleep disorders in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia has not been sufficiently investigated. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has shown positive effects on sleep disorders in postmenopausal women. Future studies should investigate the effectiveness of hormonal compounds on insomnia in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia. 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