4099ed4b3b6a079e647f87bad124da83 pmc_8942782.pdf 7863dbe784105eccf2eb28d5c1ce6a286f3e734b pmc_8942782.pdf 4554cdafaa493b615ce871807755da8ddaef95fcc47b25245086b723c4d06558 pmc_8942782.pdf Title: Foreign Language Learning in Older Adults: Anatomical and Cognitive Markers of Vocabulary Learning Success Subject: In recent years, foreign language learning (FLL) has been proposed as a possible cognitive intervention for older adults. Keywords: foreign language learning, vocabulary learning, structural MRI, FreeSurfer, pars orbitalis, caudal middle frontal cortex, semantic memory, episodic memory Author: Manson Cheuk-Man Fong and William Shiyuan Wang Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package + hypdvips Producer: dvips + MiKTeX GPL Ghostscript 9.0 CreationDate: Fri Mar 4 14:53:40 2022 CET ModDate: Fri Mar 4 14:55:02 2022 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 24 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.26 x 779.52 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 3549035 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.6 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- VHFTAU+HelveticaNeueLTStd-Bd Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 55 0 ERBTIC+HelveticaNeueLTStd-Lt Type 1C Custom yes yes no 60 0 GJAUFF+HelveticaNeueLTStd-BdIt Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 73 0 SHUZOT+HelveticaNeueLTStd-LtIt Type 1C Custom yes yes no 75 0 RMEMUG+HelveticaNeueLTStd-MdIt Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 81 0 XMULOC+MinionPro-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 83 0 GTJAJI+MTSY Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 372 0 RPDDMA+MinionPro-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 377 0 VISGVE+MinionPro-It Type 1C Custom yes yes no 340 0 OTFGYN+RMTMI Type 1C Custom yes yes no 400 0 FAKPWF+HelveticaNeueLTStd-Md Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 397 0 Courier Type 1 Standard no no no 413 0 WPRYIE+RMTMIB Type 1C Custom yes yes no 529 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-05-07 04:28:44 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_8942782.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2022-03-28 07:43:54 CEST Size: 3549035 Format: PDF Version: 1.6 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 931 FreeObjects: 29 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseOutlines Language: en Outlines: Item: Title: Foreign Language Learning in Older Adults: Anatomical and Cognitive Markers of Vocabulary Learning Success Destination: ariclecounter.1 Children: Item: Title: 1. Introduction Destination: section.0.1 Children: Item: Title: 1.1. Foreign Language Learning in Older Adults Destination: subsection.0.1.1 Item: Title: 1.2. Neurocognitive Bases of Foreign Language Learning Destination: subsection.0.1.2 Item: Title: 1.3. The Present Study Destination: subsection.0.1.3 Item: Title: 2. Materials and Methods Destination: section.0.2 Children: Item: Title: 2.1. Participants Destination: subsection.0.2.1 Item: Title: 2.2. Study Description Destination: subsection.0.2.2 Item: Title: 2.3. Italian Vocabulary Learning Programme Destination: subsection.0.2.3 Children: Item: Title: 2.3.1. Introductory Lesson Destination: subsubsection.0.2.3.1 Item: Title: 2.3.2. Computerized Vocabulary Lessons Destination: subsubsection.0.2.3.2 Item: Title: 2.3.3. Italian Final Test Destination: subsubsection.0.2.3.3 Item: Title: 2.3.4. Measures of Immediate Learning Success and Language Retention Destination: subsubsection.0.2.3.4 Item: Title: 2.4. MRI Protocol Destination: subsection.0.2.4 Children: Item: Title: 2.4.1. Structural MRI Destination: subsubsection.0.2.4.1 Item: Title: 2.4.2. Extraction of Anatomical Measures Destination: subsubsection.0.2.4.2 Item: Title: 2.5. Behavioral Test Battery Destination: subsection.0.2.5 Children: Item: Title: 2.5.1. Cognitive Test Battery Destination: subsubsection.0.2.5.1 Item: Title: 2.5.2. Phonological Test Battery Destination: subsubsection.0.2.5.2 Item: Title: 2.6. Linear Mixed-Effects Modeling Destination: subsection.0.2.6 Item: Title: 2.7. Cognitive and Phonological Skill Comparisons Between Initial- and Post-learning Destination: subsection.0.2.7 Item: Title: 3. Results Destination: section.0.3 Children: Item: Title: 3.1. Italian Learning Performances Destination: subsection.0.3.1 Item: Title: 3.2. MRI Results Destination: subsection.0.3.2 Children: Item: Title: 3.2.1. Surface-Based Cortical Measures and Brain Volume Measures Destination: subsubsection.0.3.2.1 Item: Title: 3.2.2. Cortical Predictors of Learning Performance Destination: subsubsection.0.3.2.2 Item: Title: 3.2.3. Sub-cortical Volumetric Predictors of Learning Performance Destination: subsubsection.0.3.2.3 Item: Title: 3.3. Cognitive and Phonological Associations Destination: subsection.0.3.3 Children: Item: Title: 3.3.1. Correlations Among the Cognitive and Phonological Predictors Destination: subsubsection.0.3.3.1 Item: Title: 3.3.2. Cognitive Models: Predictors of In-class and Final Test Performances Destination: subsubsection.0.3.3.2 Item: Title: 3.4. Cognitive Comparison Between the Initial-Learning vs. Post-learning Phase Destination: subsection.0.3.4 Item: Title: 4. Discussion Destination: section.0.4 Children: Item: Title: 4.1. Semantic, Episodic, and Phonological Associations With Vocabulary Learning Destination: subsection.0.4.1 Item: Title: 4.2. Differential Hemispheric Associations in Immediate and Long-Term Retention Destination: subsection.0.4.2 Item: Title: 4.3. The Anatomical Associations of Sub-cortical Regions Destination: subsection.0.4.3 Item: Title: 4.4. Conclusion and Limitations Destination: subsection.0.4.4 Item: Title: Data Availability Statement Destination: section*.37 Item: Title: Ethics Statement Destination: section*.38 Item: Title: Author Contributions Destination: section*.39 Item: Title: Funding Destination: section*.40 Item: Title: Acknowledgments Destination: section*.41 Item: Title: Supplementary Material Destination: section*.42 Item: Title: References Destination: section*.43 Info: Title: Foreign Language Learning in Older Adults: Anatomical and Cognitive Markers of Vocabulary Learning Success Author: Manson Cheuk-Man Fong and William Shiyuan Wang Subject: In recent years, foreign language learning (FLL) has been proposed as a possible cognitive intervention for older adults. 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Manson Cheuk-Man Fong and William Shiyuan Wang Foreign Language Learning in Older Adults: Anatomical and Cognitive Markers of Vocabulary Learning Success foreign language learning vocabulary learning structural MRI FreeSurfer pars orbitalis caudal middle frontal cortex semantic memory episodic memory foreign language learning, vocabulary learning, structural MRI, FreeSurfer, pars orbitalis, caudal middle frontal cortex, semantic memory, episodic memory dvips + MiKTeX GPL Ghostscript 9.0 uuid:6f973aeb-9459-4679-884d-38f1b7c71e83 uuid:df52d5fb-007d-49b1-9dfb-c91f742f860b Pages: Page: Label: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 719, 213, 755 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 474, 736, 551, 744 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 470, 728, 513, 736 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 513, 729, 533, 736 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 728, 551, 736 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 720, 551, 728 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 521, 678, 551, 709 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 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307, 202, 319 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 209, 307, 229, 319 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 236, 307, 289, 319 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 296, 64, 307 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 47, 250, 131, 261 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 135, 250, 155, 261 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 239, 151, 250 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 157, 239, 177, 250 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 193, 111, 204 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 114, 193, 134, 204 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 192, 147, 262, 158 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 147, 285, 158 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 204, 101, 261, 113 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 101, 285, 113 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 78, 266, 90 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 268, 78, 289, 90 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 67, 64, 78 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 344, 697, 402, 708 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 404, 697, 424, 708 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 662, 525, 674 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 529, 662, 549, 674 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 651, 349, 662 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 353, 651, 373, 662 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 377, 651, 440, 662 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 444, 651, 464, 662 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 307, 628, 351, 640 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 355, 628, 375, 640 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 342, 605, 416, 617 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 420, 605, 441, 617 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 605, 521, 617 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 605, 546, 617 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 463, 582, 511, 594 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 513, 582, 533, 594 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 571, 378, 582 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 380, 571, 400, 582 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 334, 525, 372, 536 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 376, 525, 396, 536 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 400, 525, 502, 536 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 525, 526, 536 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 339, 502, 370, 514 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 373, 502, 398, 514 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 366, 376, 417, 388 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 420, 376, 440, 388 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 410, 342, 476, 353 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 342, 498, 353 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 352, 147, 395, 158 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 398, 147, 419, 158 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 419, 113, 480, 124 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 483, 113, 504, 124 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 507, 113, 342, 113 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 348, 101, 368, 113 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 4 Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 118, 582, 176, 594 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 178, 582, 198, 594 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 201, 582, 238, 594 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 582, 260, 594 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 582, 64, 582 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 67, 571, 87, 582 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 90, 571, 136, 582 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 138, 571, 159, 582 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 559, 148, 571 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 559, 173, 571 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 178, 559, 224, 571 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 559, 249, 571 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 254, 559, 289, 571 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 548, 64, 559 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 175, 536, 205, 548 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 209, 536, 229, 548 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 232, 536, 289, 548 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 525, 64, 536 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 252, 525, 86, 525 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 88, 514, 108, 525 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 209, 491, 264, 502 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 268, 491, 289, 502 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 479, 100, 491 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 479, 124, 491 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 128, 479, 162, 491 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 166, 479, 186, 491 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 190, 479, 236, 491 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 479, 260, 491 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 435, 697, 484, 708 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 697, 508, 708 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 605, 380, 617 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 384, 605, 404, 617 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 476, 488, 487 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 423, 362, 528, 373 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 5 Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 6 Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 442, 289, 453 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 168, 133, 273, 143 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 121, 141, 132 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 7 Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 167, 454, 273, 465 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 443, 141, 453 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 152, 124, 177, 135 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 188, 124, 209, 135 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 382, 662, 444, 674 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 662, 467, 674 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 464, 628, 521, 640 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 628, 546, 640 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 394, 614, 429, 625 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 389, 536, 444, 548 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 536, 468, 548 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 471, 536, 522, 548 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 536, 546, 548 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 492, 468, 549, 479 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 456, 324, 468 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 329, 456, 374, 468 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 379, 456, 399, 468 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 307, 433, 364, 445 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 368, 433, 388, 445 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 486, 422, 549, 433 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 410, 324, 422 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 518, 410, 326, 410 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 330, 399, 350, 410 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 355, 399, 408, 410 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 412, 399, 432, 410 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 437, 399, 487, 410 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 492, 399, 512, 410 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 516, 399, 327, 399 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 333, 388, 353, 399 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 464, 388, 520, 399 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 388, 546, 399 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 424, 342, 473, 353 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 476, 342, 496, 353 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 296, 352, 307 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 356, 296, 376, 307 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 495, 294, 529, 304 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 521, 204, 366, 204 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 371, 193, 391, 204 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 395, 193, 441, 204 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 193, 465, 204 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 460, 181, 523, 193 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 181, 546, 193 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 370, 170, 414, 181 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 417, 170, 438, 181 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 441, 170, 485, 181 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 170, 508, 181 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 339, 158, 384, 170 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 388, 158, 408, 170 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 343, 147, 411, 158 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 414, 147, 435, 158 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 437, 101, 467, 110 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 8 Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 168, 145, 273, 156 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 133, 144, 144 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 147, 135, 159, 144 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 266, 67, 289, 78 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 158, 324, 170 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 9 Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 557, 149, 568 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 557, 266, 568 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 269, 559, 281, 567 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 317, 188, 327 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 261, 334, 270 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 477, 225, 511, 235 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 377, 135, 407, 144 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 10 Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 11 Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 60, 601, 166, 612 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 183, 601, 289, 612 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 592, 60, 600 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 93, 456, 123, 465 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 420, 149, 430 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 151, 422, 168, 430 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 186, 422, 202, 430 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 147, 271, 253, 281 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 273, 272, 281 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 261, 60, 270 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 179, 258, 190 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 70, 64, 111, 75 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 418, 339, 459, 350 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 12 Sequence: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 313, 70, 348, 80 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 13 Sequence: 13 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 111, 252, 141, 261 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 64, 78, 74 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 430, 146, 460, 155 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 14 Sequence: 14 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 145, 193, 200, 203 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 92, 147, 131, 157 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 509, 67, 549, 78 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 15 Sequence: 15 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 428, 64, 439 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 85, 371, 115, 379 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 192, 181, 235, 193 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 239, 181, 259, 193 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 181, 65, 181 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 70, 170, 90, 181 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 94, 170, 143, 181 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 147, 170, 168, 181 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 147, 155, 158 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 158, 147, 178, 158 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 430, 674, 489, 685 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 492, 674, 513, 685 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 482, 628, 549, 640 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 617, 324, 628 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 328, 617, 373, 628 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 377, 617, 397, 628 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 477, 594, 522, 605 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 594, 546, 605 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 402, 365, 462, 376 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 465, 365, 485, 376 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 365, 522, 376 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 365, 546, 376 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 427, 353, 470, 365 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 474, 353, 494, 365 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 428, 342, 471, 353 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 474, 342, 494, 353 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 344, 330, 401, 342 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 406, 330, 426, 342 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 481, 296, 523, 307 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 528, 296, 548, 307 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 468, 216, 518, 227 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 521, 216, 546, 227 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 405, 170, 475, 181 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 170, 498, 181 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 402, 90, 463, 101 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 469, 90, 489, 101 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 495, 90, 549, 101 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 78, 324, 90 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 463, 67, 524, 78 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 529, 67, 549, 78 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 16 Sequence: 16 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 327, 107, 339 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 112, 327, 132, 339 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 258, 144, 88, 144 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 94, 132, 114, 144 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 119, 132, 203, 144 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 209, 132, 229, 144 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 190, 121, 230, 132 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 232, 121, 252, 132 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 17 Sequence: 17 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 395, 105, 415, 116 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 417, 105, 437, 116 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 18 Sequence: 18 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 134, 364, 173, 376 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 176, 364, 196, 376 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 99, 82, 110 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 85, 101, 91, 110 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 489, 330, 520, 342 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 524, 330, 549, 342 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 319, 324, 330 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 326, 319, 374, 330 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 377, 319, 397, 330 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 469, 158, 524, 170 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 527, 158, 548, 170 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 147, 524, 158 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 529, 147, 549, 158 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 135, 359, 147 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 362, 135, 382, 147 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 385, 135, 437, 147 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 440, 135, 465, 147 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 19 Sequence: 19 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 230, 582, 289, 594 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 571, 64, 582 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 69, 571, 122, 582 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 128, 571, 148, 582 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 548, 232, 559 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 235, 548, 255, 559 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 269, 502, 63, 502 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 65, 491, 86, 502 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 88, 491, 133, 502 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 136, 491, 156, 502 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 139, 353, 180, 365 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 182, 353, 202, 365 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 205, 353, 263, 365 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 353, 285, 365 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 201, 284, 262, 296 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 284, 285, 296 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 178, 261, 234, 273 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 238, 261, 259, 273 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 113, 239, 144, 250 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 150, 239, 170, 250 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 175, 239, 263, 250 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 268, 239, 289, 250 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 227, 80, 239 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 85, 227, 105, 239 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 111, 227, 168, 239 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 173, 227, 198, 239 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 162, 158, 245, 170 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 248, 158, 268, 170 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 127, 135, 184, 147 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 187, 135, 207, 147 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 210, 135, 258, 147 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 261, 135, 285, 147 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 495, 674, 523, 685 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 674, 546, 685 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 355, 640, 404, 651 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 640, 427, 651 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 430, 640, 478, 651 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 481, 640, 501, 651 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 536, 425, 548 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 430, 536, 450, 548 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 456, 536, 520, 548 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 536, 546, 548 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 343, 433, 421, 445 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 422, 433, 443, 445 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 399, 296, 448, 307 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 452, 296, 472, 307 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 380, 193, 471, 204 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 473, 193, 493, 204 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 307, 181, 362, 193 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 369, 181, 389, 193 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 20 Sequence: 20 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 81, 399, 130, 410 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 135, 399, 155, 410 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 217, 399, 260, 410 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 399, 285, 410 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 47, 376, 101, 388 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 106, 376, 131, 388 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 73, 353, 146, 365 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 152, 353, 172, 365 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 91, 319, 140, 330 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 143, 319, 163, 330 Destination: External Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 552, 86, 303, 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 43, 30, 145, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Page: Label: 21 Sequence: 21 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 669, 210, 678 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 66, 642, 155, 649 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 66, 603, 212, 611 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 66, 565, 185, 573 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 66, 527, 178, 536 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 91, 500, 176, 507 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 66, 471, 157, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 176, 442, 284, 450 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 106, 405, 195, 413 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 377, 160, 384 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 169, 347, 288, 356 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 66, 310, 185, 318 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 271, 159, 280 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 66, 243, 212, 252 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 66, 206, 151, 214 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 66, 168, 185, 176 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 91, 131, 170, 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29, 208, 37 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 29, 551, 38 Checksum: cfe92a82 Type: CRC32 Checksum: 4099ed4b3b6a079e647f87bad124da83 Type: MD5 Checksum: 7863dbe784105eccf2eb28d5c1ce6a286f3e734b Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 4554cdafaa493b615ce871807755da8ddaef95fcc47b25245086b723c4d06558 Type: SHA-256