bf37f9da4cc477f1a3a23967c29121ae pmc_8999260.pdf c277bd374ce50c0f5551b037d1379da7ee28b3be pmc_8999260.pdf 1239af2eb06744a8ac22612eecfe0e76ac214b3967bfd3b6f655a95073042d05 pmc_8999260.pdf Title: Tobacco Smoking and Second-Hand Smoke Exposure Impact on Tuberculosis in Children Subject: Little is known about whether second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure affects tuberculosis (TB). Here, we investigate the association of cigarette smoke exposure with active TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) in children, analyzing Interferon-Gamma Release Assays’ (IGRAs) performance and cytokine immune responses. A total of 616 children from contact-tracing studies were included and classified regarding their smoking habits [unexposed, SHS, or smokers]. Risk factors for positive IGRAs, LTBI, and active TB were defined. GM-CSF, IFN-, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, IL-17, TNF-, IL-1RA and IP-10 cytokines were detected in a subgroup of patients. Being SHS exposed was associated with a positive IGRA [aOR (95% CI): 8.7 (5.9–12.8)] and was a main factor related with LTBI [aOR (95% CI): 7.57 (4.79–11.94)] and active TB [aOR (95% CI): 3.40 (1.45–7.98)]. Moreover, IGRAs’ sensitivity was reduced in active TB patients exposed to tobacco. IL-22, GM-CSF, IL-5, TNF-, IP-10, and IL-13 were less secreted in LTBI children exposed to SHS. In conclusion, SHS is associated with LTBI and active TB in children. In addition, false-negative IGRAs obtained on active TB patients exposed to SHS, together with the decrease of specific cytokines released, suggest that tobacco may alter the immune response. Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; cigarette smoking; passive smoking; child; immunology Author: Neus Altet, Irene Latorre, María Ángeles Jiménez-Fuentes, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Raquel Villar-Hernández, Celia Milà, Pablo Rodríguez-Fernández, Beatriz Muriel-Moreno, Patricia Comella-del-Barrio, Pere Godoy, Joan-Pau Millet, Maria Luiza de Souza-Galvão, Carlos A. Jiménez-Ruiz, Jose Domínguez and on behalf of PII Smoking SEPAR Working Group Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Apr 7 15:48:12 2022 CEST ModDate: Thu Apr 7 15:53:54 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1019664 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- FKHXFT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 HQIHZO+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 LDSSDS+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 19 0 DAGSWJ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 CMIPTF+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 XROEDB+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 44 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 48 0 XPUSBJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 60 0 BSDWLC+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 63 0 HCPSKZ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 88 0 DEHCOL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 103 0 DEHCOM+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 106 0 DEHCON+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 112 0 DEHCOP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 115 0 RXJPDU+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 126 0 DEHCOL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 141 0 DEHCON+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 144 0 DEHCOP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 DEHJPH+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 150 0 DEHCOL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 175 0 DEHCOM+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 178 0 DEHCON+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 184 0 DEHCOP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 187 0 DEHJPH+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 190 0 JBTTSN+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 204 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-06-01 02:28:07 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_8999260.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-04-26 17:55:56 CEST Size: 1019664 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 339 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Material and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Study Design and Sample Collection Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Study Population and Contact-Tracing Study Procedure Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Tuberculin Skin Test, T-SPOT.TB and QFN-G-IT Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Cytokine Detection by Means of a Bead-Based Multiplex Assay Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Statistical Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Children: Item: Title: Participant’s Characteristics and Final Diagnosis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Risk Factors Associated with a Positive IGRA Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Risk Factors for LTBI and Active TB Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Sensitivity Values for Active TB According to Tobacco Smoke Exposure Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Cytokine Responses in Children Exposed to SHS Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Info: Title: Tobacco Smoking and Second-Hand Smoke Exposure Impact on Tuberculosis in Children Author: Neus Altet, Irene Latorre, María Ángeles Jiménez-Fuentes, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Raquel Villar-Hernández, Celia Milà, Pablo Rodríguez-Fernández, Beatriz Muriel-Moreno, Patricia Comella-del-Barrio, Pere Godoy, Joan-Pau Millet, Maria Luiza de Souza-Galvão, Carlos A. Jiménez-Ruiz, Jose Domínguez and on behalf of PII Smoking SEPAR Working Group Subject: Little is known about whether second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure affects tuberculosis (TB). Here, we investigate the association of cigarette smoke exposure with active TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) in children, analyzing Interferon-Gamma Release Assays’ (IGRAs) performance and cytokine immune responses. A total of 616 children from contact-tracing studies were included and classified regarding their smoking habits [unexposed, SHS, or smokers]. Risk factors for positive IGRAs, LTBI, and active TB were defined. GM-CSF, IFN-, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, IL-17, TNF-, IL-1RA and IP-10 cytokines were detected in a subgroup of patients. Being SHS exposed was associated with a positive IGRA [aOR (95% CI): 8.7 (5.9 12.8)] and was a main factor related with LTBI [aOR (95% CI): 7.57 (4.79 11.94)] and active TB [aOR (95% CI): 3.40 (1.45 7.98)]. Moreover, IGRAs’ sensitivity was reduced in active TB patients exposed to tobacco. IL-22, GM-CSF, IL-5, TNF-, IP-10, and IL-13 were less secreted in LTBI children exposed to SHS. In conclusion, SHS is associated with LTBI and active TB in children. In addition, false-negative IGRAs obtained on active TB patients exposed to SHS, together with the decrease of specific cytokines released, suggest that tobacco may alter the immune response. 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