cff4ae76e936592e77ff673311717683 pmc_9032133.pdf b74a15fabc4a79d44dcd631315560c3510fde721 pmc_9032133.pdf 3892ee6721884a23abf0db2a86416d78d9a33848212f2fb6abef59836fa60bc4 pmc_9032133.pdf Title: Environmental Risk Factors Influence the Frequency of Coughing and Sneezing Episodes in Finisher Pigs on a Farm Free of Respiratory Disease Subject: This study aimed to assess baseline levels of coughing on a farm free of respiratory disease, and to identify relationships between environmental conditions and coughing frequency in finisher pigs. Six replicates were conducted (690 pigs in total). A cross-correlation analysis was performed and lags of the predictor variables were carried forward for multivariable regression analysis when significant and showing r > 0.25. Results show that coughing frequency was overall low. In the first replicate, coughing was best predicted by exposure to higher ammonia concentrations that occurred with a lag of 1, 7, and 15 days (p = 0.003, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively), while in the sixth replicate coughing frequency was best predicted by the exposure to lower relative humidity and higher ventilation rates with a lag of 7 and 15 days (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Ammonia concentrations varied according to ventilation rates recorded on the same day (r > -0.70). In conclusion, guidelines on coughing levels in healthy pigs and calibration of the alarm systems of tools that measure coughing frequency can be extrapolated from this study. Environmental risk factors are associated with the respiratory health of finisher pigs. Keywords: ammonia; air quality; precision livestock farming; PLF; porcine respiratory disease complex Author: Joana Pessoa, Jordi Camp Montoro, Telmo Pina Nunes, Tomas Norton, Conor McAloon, Edgar Garcia Manzanilla and Laura Boyle Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Apr 11 12:09:37 2022 CEST ModDate: Mon Apr 11 12:42:08 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1125160 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- XEFGQJ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 HZIDSY+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 NVHAVW+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 OILECT+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 FPSWYA+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 28 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 44 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 56 0 QQXUPP+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 84 0 CZKGAS+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 88 0 DBOPJA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 105 0 DBOPJC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 108 0 DBOPJE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 111 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 119 0 DBOPJA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 144 0 DBOPJC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 DBOPJE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 150 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 165 0 DBOPJA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 172 0 DBOPJC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 175 0 DBOPJE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 178 0 DBOPJA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 186 0 DBOPJC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 189 0 DBOPJE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 192 0 SCKAVY+SFRM0900 Type 1 Custom yes yes no 210 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-12-17 02:27:54 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_9032133.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-12-14 02:18:59 CET Size: 1125160 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 372 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4923ab24 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Children: Item: Title: Animals and Experimental Design Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Data Collection Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Environmental Data Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Respiratory Health Data Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Slaughterhouse Data Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Children: Item: Title: Sensor-Based Data Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Manually Collected Data Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Info: Title: Environmental Risk Factors Influence the Frequency of Coughing and Sneezing Episodes in Finisher Pigs on a Farm Free of Respiratory Disease Author: Joana Pessoa, Jordi Camp Montoro, Telmo Pina Nunes, Tomas Norton, Conor McAloon, Edgar Garcia Manzanilla and Laura Boyle Subject: This study aimed to assess baseline levels of coughing on a farm free of respiratory disease, and to identify relationships between environmental conditions and coughing frequency in finisher pigs. Six replicates were conducted (690 pigs in total). A cross-correlation analysis was performed and lags of the predictor variables were carried forward for multivariable regression analysis when significant and showing r > 0.25. Results show that coughing frequency was overall low. In the first replicate, coughing was best predicted by exposure to higher ammonia concentrations that occurred with a lag of 1, 7, and 15 days (p = 0.003, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively), while in the sixth replicate coughing frequency was best predicted by the exposure to lower relative humidity and higher ventilation rates with a lag of 7 and 15 days (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Ammonia concentrations varied according to ventilation rates recorded on the same day (r > -0.70). In conclusion, guidelines on coughing levels in healthy pigs and calibration of the alarm systems of tools that measure coughing frequency can be extrapolated from this study. Environmental risk factors are associated with the respiratory health of finisher pigs. 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