0694de82659214ef06cbc5efd7e2ec93 pmc_9138226.pdf 590ea3d155ef86917d82970605f2ed11713cd6c7 pmc_9138226.pdf 498b211f1299ffbdd9f23bdaffabf9bf9f1d92fe637be4a729589fe5d6207b17 pmc_9138226.pdf Title: New Psychoactive Substances Consumption in Opioid-Use Disorder Patients Subject: (1) Background: Since the beginning of the 21st century, the large number and wide chemical variety of new psychoactive substances (NPS) that enter the market every year has become a public health problem. Given the rapidity with which the drug market is changing, many NPS are not clinically investigated and their effects and health risks are unknown. Drug testing is a very useful tool for this purpose, but, unfortunately, it is not very widespread in individuals with opioid-use disorder under detoxification treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of illicit drugs and NPS in opioid-use disorder (OUD) patients on opioid agonist treatment. (2) Methods: A multicenter, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at two addiction care services in Barcelona and Badalona, Spain. Urine samples were collected from OUD individuals attending these two centers, who anonymously donated a urine sample at the time of a periodical visit. Samples were analyzed by high-sensitivity gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high –resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). (3) Results: Out of the 187 collected and analyzed urine samples, 27.3% were positive for any type of NPS and 8.6% were positive for new synthetic opioids, including fentanyl and its derivatives (NSO). Other frequently detected substances were benzodiazepines in 46.0% of samples, antipsychotics in 27.8% of samples, or cocaine and cannabis in 23.5% of samples. (4) Conclusion: A wide number of NPS, including NSO, have been detected in urine samples from an OUD population. A lack of NPS detection in standard drug screening among drug users can hide the identification of a potential public health problem. Keywords: new psychoactive substances; opioid-use disorder; urine sample analysis Author: Maria Alías-Ferri, Manuela Pellegrini, Emilia Marchei, Roberta Pacifici, Maria Concetta Rotolo, Simona Pichini, Clara Pérez-Mañá, Esther Papaseit, Robert Muga, Francina Fonseca, Marta Torrens and Magí Farré Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Apr 25 08:43:53 2022 CEST ModDate: Mon Apr 25 09:48:31 2022 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 9 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 289612 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PSMZIJ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 UFTQXA+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 OAEXQE+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 PYTNGY+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 IOJCNK+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 GLCFZC+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 XYPWHM+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 71 0 URYLRZ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 75 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-06-04 02:36:16 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_9138226.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-05-31 06:21:31 CEST Size: 289612 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 225 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Design and Participants Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Urinalysis Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Limitations Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.6 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: New Psychoactive Substances Consumption in Opioid-Use Disorder Patients Author: Maria Alías-Ferri, Manuela Pellegrini, Emilia Marchei, Roberta Pacifici, Maria Concetta Rotolo, Simona Pichini, Clara Pérez-Mañá, Esther Papaseit, Robert Muga, Francina Fonseca, Marta Torrens and Magí Farré Subject: (1) Background: Since the beginning of the 21st century, the large number and wide chemical variety of new psychoactive substances (NPS) that enter the market every year has become a public health problem. Given the rapidity with which the drug market is changing, many NPS are not clinically investigated and their effects and health risks are unknown. Drug testing is a very useful tool for this purpose, but, unfortunately, it is not very widespread in individuals with opioid-use disorder under detoxification treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of illicit drugs and NPS in opioid-use disorder (OUD) patients on opioid agonist treatment. (2) Methods: A multicenter, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at two addiction care services in Barcelona and Badalona, Spain. Urine samples were collected from OUD individuals attending these two centers, who anonymously donated a urine sample at the time of a periodical visit. Samples were analyzed by high-sensitivity gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high  resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). (3) Results: Out of the 187 collected and analyzed urine samples, 27.3% were positive for any type of NPS and 8.6% were positive for new synthetic opioids, including fentanyl and its derivatives (NSO). Other frequently detected substances were benzodiazepines in 46.0% of samples, antipsychotics in 27.8% of samples, or cocaine and cannabis in 23.5% of samples. (4) Conclusion: A wide number of NPS, including NSO, have been detected in urine samples from an OUD population. A lack of NPS detection in standard drug screening among drug users can hide the identification of a potential public health problem. 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