9535f3c684f4a55f0c7a2da4de55a1ac pmc_9139532.pdf 80b315c8a21b5f70ec58c2938dd6fe4fbe804490 pmc_9139532.pdf e750d93e11b348b9c0ce2a2965209ec90b8b2269096849168d6e0400e5b0a8b3 pmc_9139532.pdf Title: Eosinophils in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Key Contributors to Neuro-Immune Crosstalk and Potential Implications in Disorders of Brain-Gut Interaction Subject: Eosinophils are innate immune granulocytes actively involved in defensive responses and in local and systemic inflammatory processes. Beyond these effector roles, eosinophils are fundamental to maintaining homeostasis in the tissues they reside. Gastrointestinal eosinophils modulate barrier function and mucosal immunity and promote tissue development through their direct communication with almost every cellular component. This is possible thanks to the variety of receptors they express and the bioactive molecules they store and release, including cytotoxic proteins, cytokines, growth factors, and neuropeptides and neurotrophines. A growing body of evidence points to the eosinophil as a key neuro-immune player in the regulation of gastrointestinal function, with potential implications in pathophysiological processes. Eosinophil–neuron interactions are facilitated by chemotaxis and adhesion molecules, and the mediators released may have excitatory or inhibitory effects on each cell type, with physiological consequences dependent on the type of innervation involved. Of special interest are the disorders of the brain–gut interaction (DBGIs), mainly functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), in which mucosal eosinophilia and eosinophil activation have been identified. In this review, we summarize the main roles of gastrointestinal eosinophils in supporting gut homeostasis and the evidence available on eosinophil–neuron interactions to bring new insights that support the fundamental role of this neuro-immune crosstalk in maintaining gut health and contributing to the pathophysiology of DBGIs. Keywords: intestinal eosinophils; neuro-immune interaction; disorders of brain–gut interaction Author: Eloísa Salvo-Romero, Bruno K. Rodiño-Janeiro, Mercé Albert-Bayo, Beatriz Lobo, Javier Santos, Ricard Farré, Cristina Martinez and María Vicario Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed May 25 11:25:41 2022 CEST ModDate: Wed May 25 11:34:13 2022 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2229608 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- CIQLLF+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 LUUSGF+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 GTOSRE+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 ZXVVOP+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 YSPQJI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 PFKOHU+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 LEVXPH+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 68 0 OHGBCJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 83 0 OHGBCL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 86 0 OHGBDN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 89 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 97 0 OHGBCJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 114 0 OHGBCL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 117 0 OHGBDN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 120 0 OHGBCJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 140 0 OHGBCK+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 143 0 OHGBCL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 149 0 OHGBDN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 152 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-05-18 03:25:01 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_9139532.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-05-18 02:37:11 CEST Size: 2229608 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 562 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Eosinophils in the Gastrointestinal Tract Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Eosinophils Regulate the Intestinal Barrier Function Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Eosinophils Modulate Intestinal Immune Responses Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Eosinophil Neuron Interactions Destination: subsection.2.3 Children: Item: Title: Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract Destination: subsubsection.2.3.1 Item: Title: Neural-Induced Recruitment and Activation of Eosinophils by Extrinsic Nerves Destination: subsubsection.2.3.2 Item: Title: Neural-Induced Recruitment and Activation of Eosinophils by the ENS Destination: subsubsection.2.3.3 Item: Title: Eosinophil-Dependent Neuroplasticity Destination: subsubsection.2.3.4 Item: Title: Emerging Role of Eosinophils in Disorders of Brain Gut Interaction Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Concluding Remarks Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.4 Info: Title: Eosinophils in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Key Contributors to Neuro-Immune Crosstalk and Potential Implications in Disorders of Brain-Gut Interaction Author: Eloísa Salvo-Romero, Bruno K. Rodiño-Janeiro, Mercé Albert-Bayo, Beatriz Lobo, Javier Santos, Ricard Farré, Cristina Martinez and María Vicario Subject: Eosinophils are innate immune granulocytes actively involved in defensive responses and in local and systemic inflammatory processes. Beyond these effector roles, eosinophils are fundamental to maintaining homeostasis in the tissues they reside. Gastrointestinal eosinophils modulate barrier function and mucosal immunity and promote tissue development through their direct communication with almost every cellular component. This is possible thanks to the variety of receptors they express and the bioactive molecules they store and release, including cytotoxic proteins, cytokines, growth factors, and neuropeptides and neurotrophines. A growing body of evidence points to the eosinophil as a key neuro-immune player in the regulation of gastrointestinal function, with potential implications in pathophysiological processes. Eosinophil neuron interactions are facilitated by chemotaxis and adhesion molecules, and the mediators released may have excitatory or inhibitory effects on each cell type, with physiological consequences dependent on the type of innervation involved. Of special interest are the disorders of the brain gut interaction (DBGIs), mainly functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), in which mucosal eosinophilia and eosinophil activation have been identified. In this review, we summarize the main roles of gastrointestinal eosinophils in supporting gut homeostasis and the evidence available on eosinophil neuron interactions to bring new insights that support the fundamental role of this neuro-immune crosstalk in maintaining gut health and contributing to the pathophysiology of DBGIs. 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