8719e352547e65323cea79fde933ec58 pmc_9181586.pdf 63f3b7ddf8812ad9f8f55f6733e26b9b7d73a089 pmc_9181586.pdf 9e379adcece3b21f5155e62a3b78da37e1bd6623e094a75fa2412b40747ccdc6 pmc_9181586.pdf Title: Advanced Glycations End Products in the Skin as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Subject: The incidence and prevalence of diabetes are increasing worldwide, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The assessment and stratification of cardiovascular risk in subjects with T2D is a challenge. Advanced glycation end products are heterogeneous molecules produced by non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products is increased in subjects with T2D and is considered to be one of the major pathogenic mechanism in developing complications in diabetes. Skin AGEs could be assessed by skin autofluorescence. This method has been validated and related to the presence of micro and macroangiopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this context, the aim of this review is to critically summarize current knowledge and scientific evidence on the relationship between skin AGEs and CVD in subjects with type 2 diabetes, with a brief reference to other diabetes-related complications. Keywords: cardiovascular disease; advanced glycation end products; diabetic retinopathy; cardiovascular disease biomarkers; type 2 diabetes; diabetic complications Author: Alejandra Planas, Olga Simó-Servat, Cristina Hernández and Rafael Simó Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Jun 2 12:27:55 2022 CEST ModDate: Thu Jun 2 13:05:06 2022 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 768996 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- ENXZUH+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 ZWPWZO+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 DVCESK+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 VWHOSV+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 KVLZFP+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 IRWHZX+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 CKUPDE+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 49 0 KUTODA+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 74 0 DLMFFJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 83 0 DLMFFK+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 86 0 DLMFFL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 92 0 DLMFFN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 95 0 PDTLUH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 112 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-06-12 02:45:10 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_9181586.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-05-30 02:38:54 CEST Size: 768996 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 429 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Formation of AGEs and Physiopathology Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Assessment of AGEs Destination: section.3 Item: Title: SAF and Diabetic Microvascular Complications Destination: section.4 Item: Title: SAF and Diabetic Macrovascular Complications Destination: section.5 Children: Item: Title: SAF and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease Destination: subsection.5.1 Item: Title: SAF and Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Destination: subsection.5.2 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.6 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Advanced Glycations End Products in the Skin as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Author: Alejandra Planas, Olga Simó-Servat, Cristina Hernández and Rafael Simó Subject: The incidence and prevalence of diabetes are increasing worldwide, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The assessment and stratification of cardiovascular risk in subjects with T2D is a challenge. Advanced glycation end products are heterogeneous molecules produced by non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products is increased in subjects with T2D and is considered to be one of the major pathogenic mechanism in developing complications in diabetes. Skin AGEs could be assessed by skin autofluorescence. This method has been validated and related to the presence of micro and macroangiopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this context, the aim of this review is to critically summarize current knowledge and scientific evidence on the relationship between skin AGEs and CVD in subjects with type 2 diabetes, with a brief reference to other diabetes-related complications. 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