ef9de9215a8525aab78a7de37215f861 pmc_9367463.pdf ace3e927e8c3cee470ca67e588251c92dde2a96b pmc_9367463.pdf 81d5b0863d1d940be2f756bd3031d2aaa59ffb1c7d9a39363d8865ee34287360 pmc_9367463.pdf Title: Preliminary Considerations for Crime Scene Analysis in Cases of Animals Affected by Homemade Ammonium Nitrate and Aluminum Powder Anti-Personnel Landmines in Colombia: Characteristics and Effects Subject: During the armed conflict in Colombia, homemade improvised antipersonnel landmines were used to neutralize the adversary. Many active artifacts remain buried, causing damage to biodiversity by exploding. The extensive literature describes the effects and injuries caused to humans by conventional landmines. However, there is considerably less information on the behavior and effects of homemade antipersonnel landmines on fauna and good field investigation practices. Our objectives were to describe the characteristics of a controlled explosion of a homemade antipersonnel landmine (using ammonium nitrate as an explosive substance), to compare the effectiveness of some evidence search patterns used in forensic investigation, and to determine the effects on a piece of an animal carcass. The explosion generated a shock wave and an exothermic reaction, generating physical effects on the ground and surrounding structures near the point of explosion. The amputation of the foot in direct contact with the device during the explosion and multiple fractures were the main effects on the animal carcass. Finally, it was determined that finding evidence was more effective in a smaller search area. Many factors can influence the results, which must be weighed when interpreting the results, as discussed in this manuscript. Keywords: homemade antipersonnel landmine; landmines; biodiversity; crime scene analysis; veterinary forensic medicine Author: Carlos Jaramillo Gutiérrez, Gustavo Farías Roldán, Krešimir Severin, Ubicelio Martin Orozco, Pilar Marín García and Víctor Toledo González Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Aug 2 06:27:10 2022 CEST ModDate: Tue Aug 2 07:36:54 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 23 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 7062240 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MTQZPS+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 JPFQYE+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 ZPYTNR+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 TBZLFS+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 IOJCNK+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes 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(Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-01-17 02:28:46 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_9367463.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-01-11 02:21:54 CET Size: 7062240 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 592 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Homemade AP Landmine Design Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Biological Sample Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Considered Variables Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Radius of the Action of the Explosion on the Dispersion, Distance and Distribution of Projected Fragments Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Evidence Research Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Detonation Characteristics and Transitory Evidence Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: The Explosion’s Effect on Elements Present in the Blast Radius of Action Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Research Patterns Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Physical Evidence Found during the Search Process Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: The Effects of the Explosion on the Part of the Carcass Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: General Aspects of the Effects of the Explosion Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Effects on Part of Carcass Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Work at the Crime Scene or Investigation Site Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Preliminary Considerations for Crime Scene Analysis in Cases of Animals Affected by Homemade Ammonium Nitrate and Aluminum Powder Anti-Personnel Landmines in Colombia: Characteristics and Effects Author: Carlos Jaramillo Gutiérrez, Gustavo Farías Roldán, Krešimir Severin, Ubicelio Martin Orozco, Pilar Marín García and Víctor Toledo González Subject: During the armed conflict in Colombia, homemade improvised antipersonnel landmines were used to neutralize the adversary. Many active artifacts remain buried, causing damage to biodiversity by exploding. The extensive literature describes the effects and injuries caused to humans by conventional landmines. However, there is considerably less information on the behavior and effects of homemade antipersonnel landmines on fauna and good field investigation practices. Our objectives were to describe the characteristics of a controlled explosion of a homemade antipersonnel landmine (using ammonium nitrate as an explosive substance), to compare the effectiveness of some evidence search patterns used in forensic investigation, and to determine the effects on a piece of an animal carcass. The explosion generated a shock wave and an exothermic reaction, generating physical effects on the ground and surrounding structures near the point of explosion. The amputation of the foot in direct contact with the device during the explosion and multiple fractures were the main effects on the animal carcass. Finally, it was determined that finding evidence was more effective in a smaller search area. Many factors can influence the results, which must be weighed when interpreting the results, as discussed in this manuscript. 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CRC32 Checksum: ef9de9215a8525aab78a7de37215f861 Type: MD5 Checksum: ace3e927e8c3cee470ca67e588251c92dde2a96b Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 81d5b0863d1d940be2f756bd3031d2aaa59ffb1c7d9a39363d8865ee34287360 Type: SHA-256