047cfb9e0e02604a39a858c5d720e4ba pmc_9503527.pdf 3becaaaf6ea4884f22d40cffa53bb9ff9b68ecd1 pmc_9503527.pdf 661fb0161f7867aff6cd7c01de77193702d813b0723e61eff10222d68c0a4a2d pmc_9503527.pdf Title: Susceptibility of Domestic Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) to Experimental Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.351/Beta Variant Subject: A wide range of animal species are susceptible to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Natural and/or experimental infections have been reported in pet, zoo, farmed and wild animals. Interestingly, some SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as B.1.1.7/Alpha, B.1.351/Beta, and B.1.1.529/Omicron, were demonstrated to infect some animal species not susceptible to classical viral variants. The present study aimed to elucidate if goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) are susceptible to the B.1.351/Beta variant. First, an in silico approach was used to predict the affinity between the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351/Beta variant and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 from goats. Moreover, we performed an experimental inoculation with this variant in domestic goat and showed evidence of infection. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in nasal swabs and tissues by RT-qPCR and/or immunohistochemistry, and seroneutralisation was confirmed via ELISA and live virus neutralisation assays. However, the viral amount and tissue distribution suggest a low susceptibility of goats to the B.1.351/Beta variant. Therefore, although monitoring livestock is advisable, it is unlikely that goats play a role as SARS-CoV-2 reservoir species, and they are not useful surrogates to study SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed animals. Keywords: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Beta variant; goat; ruminant; susceptibility; experimental infection Author: Leira Fernández-Bastit, Núria Roca, Miguel Romero-Durana, Jordi Rodon, Guillermo Cantero, Óscar García, Carlos López, Mònica Pérez, Rosa López, Jorge Carrillo, Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Julià Blanco, Bonaventura Clotet, Joan Pujols, Júlia Vergara-Alert, Joaquim Segalés and Cristina Lorca-Oró Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Sep 15 10:53:07 2022 CEST ModDate: Thu Sep 15 11:02:09 2022 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2811532 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- XXFART+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 FYEKZK+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom 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edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Neutralising Antibodies Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Histopathology Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: In Silico Predictions of Binding Affinity Changes in B.1.351/Beta, B.1.617.2/Delta, P.1/Gamma, and B.1.1.529/Omicron Variants Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Clinical Signs and Pathological Findings Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Virus Detection and Replicative Viral Isolation in Goat Samples Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein in Tissues by Immunohistochemistry Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Inoculated Goats Developed Humoral Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Info: Title: Susceptibility of Domestic Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) to Experimental Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.351/Beta Variant Author: Leira Fernández-Bastit, Núria Roca, Miguel Romero-Durana, Jordi Rodon, Guillermo Cantero, Óscar García, Carlos López, Mònica Pérez, Rosa López, Jorge Carrillo, Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Julià Blanco, Bonaventura Clotet, Joan Pujols, Júlia Vergara-Alert, Joaquim Segalés and Cristina Lorca-Oró Subject: A wide range of animal species are susceptible to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Natural and/or experimental infections have been reported in pet, zoo, farmed and wild animals. Interestingly, some SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as B.1.1.7/Alpha, B.1.351/Beta, and B.1.1.529/Omicron, were demonstrated to infect some animal species not susceptible to classical viral variants. The present study aimed to elucidate if goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) are susceptible to the B.1.351/Beta variant. First, an in silico approach was used to predict the affinity between the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351/Beta variant and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 from goats. Moreover, we performed an experimental inoculation with this variant in domestic goat and showed evidence of infection. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in nasal swabs and tissues by RT-qPCR and/or immunohistochemistry, and seroneutralisation was confirmed via ELISA and live virus neutralisation assays. However, the viral amount and tissue distribution suggest a low susceptibility of goats to the B.1.351/Beta variant. Therefore, although monitoring livestock is advisable, it is unlikely that goats play a role as SARS-CoV-2 reservoir species, and they are not useful surrogates to study SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed animals. 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